The Structure And Function Of Macromolecules
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3CHAPTER 5
THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MACROMOLECULES
KEY TERMS
alpha (α) helix
enzyme
polypeptide
amino acid
fat
polysaccharide
antiparallel
fatty acid
primary structure
beta (β) pleated sheet
gene
protein
carbohydrate
glycogen
purine
catalyst
glycosidic linkage
pyrimidine
cellulose
hydrolysis
quaternary structure
chaperonin
hydrophobic interaction
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
chitin
lipid
ribose
cholesterol
macromolecule
saturated fatty acid
condensation reaction
monomer
secondary structure
dehydration reaction
monosaccharide
starch
denaturation
nucleic acid
steroid
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
nucleotide
tertiary structure
deoxyribose
peptide bond
triacylglycerol
disaccharide
phospholipids
unsaturated fatty acid
disulfide bridge
polymer
X-ray crystallography
double helix
polynucleotide
WORD ROOTS
con- = together (condensation reaction: a reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to
each other through the loss of a small molecule, usually water)
di- = two (disaccharide: two monosaccharides joined together)
glyco- = sweet (glycogen: a polysaccharide sugar used to store energy in animals)
hydro- = water; -lyse = break (hydrolysis: breaking chemical bonds by adding water)
macro = large (macromolecule: a large molecule)
meros- = part (polymer: a chain made from smaller organic molecules)
mono- = single; -sacchar = sugar (monosaccharide: simplest type of sugar)
poly- = many (polysaccharide: many monosaccharides joined together)
tri- = three (triacylglycerol: three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule)
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