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2UT Prep Materials for College Level Chemistry
UT Prep Materials for College Level Chemistry
P
T
I
C
ERIODIC
ABLE SHOWING
ABLE SHOWING
ONIC
HARGE
Ionic charge per column, for representative elements:
per column, for representative elements:
Metals lose electrons to form cations (kat
Metals lose electrons to form cations (kat-eye-ons).
Nonmetals gain electrons to form anions.
Nonmetals gain electrons to form anions.
Examples:
The ionic charge applies to the entire column.
applies to the entire column.
+
Li forms the cation: Li
2+
2+
2+
Mg forms the cation: Mg
; Ca becomes Ca
; Ca becomes Ca
, Sr forms Sr
3-
3-
N forms the anion N
; P forms P
; P forms P
-
All of the halogens form anions with 1
All of the halogens form anions with 1- charge, such as F
.
Exceptions:
The “Noble gases” do not form stable ions.
The “Noble gases” do not form stable ions.
The group 4A elements do not form long
The group 4A elements do not form long-term stable ions.
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