Reactivity And Electron-Pushing Arrows Chart (Page 3 of 4) in pdf

Reactivity And Electron-Pushing Arrows Chart Page 3

REACTIVITY A ND E LECTRON-‐PUSHING A RROWS

organic c hemistry

reaction t ypes

Substitution: substituting one group for another group.

Elimination: eliminating two groups to form a pi bond.

Addition: adding two groups to remove a pi bond

stereochemistry o f r eactions

You need to use wedges and dashes: (1) around a stereocenter, or (2) when there are

cis/trans relationships around a ring.

Otherwise, you don’t need wedges and dashes.

When you attack an atom that is tetrahedral, you get one product.

When you attack an atom that is trigonal planar, you get two stereoisomer products, if

possible.

the r ule f or d etermining h ybridization

number of hybridized orbitals = number of attached atoms + number of lone pairs

Radicals are sp

hybridized.

molecular g eometry

An atom that is sp

hybridized with no lone pairs is tetrahedral.

An atom that is sp

hybridized with no lone pairs is trigonal planar.

single-‐swap r ule

If you make a single swap, while maintaining the same bond orientation, at a

stereocenter, you invert the configuration at that stereocenter.

Reactivity And Electron-Pushing Arrows Chart Page 3