Periodic Table Atomic Properties Of The Elements Page 2
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2NIST ory of the Periodic Table
Sodium:
Rubidium:
NIST scientists used
lasers to cool a gas of
The atoms that created the
these atoms to lower-than-
Cesium:
first Bose-Einstein condensate,
predicted temperatures
Potassium and
made by researchers at JILA
near absolute zero.
The frequency of microwave
Rubidium:
(NIST-University of Colorado).
(Nobel Prize 1997)
radiation from this atom is
(Nobel Prize 2001)
Image Credit: H.Mark Helfer/NIST
used to define the second,
Image Credit: NIST/JILA/CU-Boulder
JILA researchers married
measured in atomic clocks
these elements into an
such as the NIST-F2 (2014).
ultracold gas of molecules
Image Credit: NIST
and demonstrated striking
predictions of quantum
physics by hitting the atoms
with “rulers of light” known
as frequency combs
(Nobel Prize 2005) and
trapping them in webs of
Krypton:
light known as optical lattices.
Image Credit: Steven Burrows and
Wavelengths of light from
Ye/Jin groups/JILA
this atom, measured by NIST
researchers, defined the o cial
meter until 1983.
Image Credit: Neil Tucker/Wikimedia
Beryllium and
Deuterium:
Aluminum:
This rare heavy
Individual ions of these
isotope of hydrogen
atoms were probed in a
was concentrated at
NIST trap to create
NIST and then identified
"quantum logic" clocks that
by Columbia University's
measured the second more precisely than
Harold Urey (Nobel Prize 1934). On the
before and tested Einstein's general theory
left is a deuterium lamp; the light on the
of relativity. Such quantum manipulations
right comes from the NIST SURF III
were recognized in the 2012 Nobel Prize.
Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility.
Image Credit: Uwe Arp/NIST
Image Credit: J. Amini/NIST
Design by: Natasha Hanacek/NIST
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