The Nclex-Rn Cram Sheet (Page 2 of 2) in pdf

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CulTural and relIGIous ConsIderaTIons

. A ngiotensin receptor blocker drugs:

. p H down, CO

down, and HCO

down =

client with a life-threatening illness or injury

metabolic acidosis

first. For disaster triage, choose to triage

Valsartan (Diovan), candesartan (Altacand),

In HealTH Care

first those clients who can be saved with the

losartan (Cozaar), telmisartan (Micardis)

. p H up, CO

down, and HCO

down =

26. Arab American cultural attributes—Females

least use of resources.

respiratory alkalosis

. H istamine 2 antagonist drugs: Cimetidine

avoid eye contact with males; touch is accepted

(Tagamet), famotidine (Pepcid), nizatidine

. p H up, CO

up, and HCO

up = metabolic

if done by same-sex healthcare providers; most

(Axid), rantidine (Zantac)

leGal Issues In nursInG

decisions are made by males; Muslims (Sunni),

alkalosis

. P roton pump inhibitors: Esomeprazole

refuse organ donation; most Arabs do not eat pork;

Review common legal terms: tort, negligence,

33. Addison’s versus Cushing’s—Addison’s and

(Nexium), lansoprazole (Prevacid), pantopra-

they avoid icy drinks when sick or hot/cold drinks

malpractice, slander, assault, battery.

Cushing’s are diseases of the endocrine system

together; colostrum is considered harmful to the

zole (Protonix), rabeprazole (AciPhex)

involving either overproduction or inadequate

Legalities—The RN and the physician institute seclusion

newborn.

. A nticoagulant drugs: Heparin sodium

production of cortisol:

protection.

(Hepalean), enoxaparin sodium (Lovenox),

27. Asian American cultural attributes—They avoid

. T reatment for the client with Addison’s:

40. Examples of types of drugs

dalteparin sodium (Fragmin)

direct eye contact; feet are considered dirty (the feet

increase sodium intake; medications include

should be touched last during assessment); males

* T he generic name is listed first with the trade

41. Drug schedules

cortisone preparations.

name in parentheses.

make most of the decisions; they usually refuse

. Schedule I—Research use only (example

. T reatment for the client with Cushing’s:

organ donation; they generally do not prefer cold

. A ngiotensin-converting agents: Benazepril

restrict sodium; observe for signs of infection.

LSD)

drinks, believe in the “hot-cold” theory of illness.

(Lotensin), lisinopril (Zestril), captopril

. Schedule II—Requires a written prescription

34. Treatment for spider bites/bleeding—RICE (rest,

(Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), fosinopril

28. Native American cultural attributes—They

(example Ritalin)

ice, compression, and elevate extremity)

(Monopril), moexipril (Univas), quinapril

sustain eye contact; blood and organ donation is

. S chedule III—Requires a new prescrip-

(Acupril), ramipril (Altace)

generally refused; they might refuse circumcision;

35. Treatment for sickle cell crises—HHOP (heat,

tion after six months or five refills (example

may prefer care from the tribal shaman rather than

hydration, oxygen, pain medications)

. B eta adrenergic blockers: Acebutolol

codeine)

using western medicine.

(Monitan, Rhotral, Sectral), atenolol

36. Five Ps of fractures and compartment syn-

. Schedule IV—Requires a new prescription

(Tenormin, Apo-Atenol, Nova-Atenol),

29. Mexican American cultural attributes—They

drome—These are symptoms of fractures and

after six months (example Darvon)

esmolol (Brevibloc), metaprolol (Alupent,

might avoid direct eye contact with authorities;

compartment syndrome:

Metaproterenol), propanolol (Inderal)

. S chedule V—Dispensed as any other

they might refuse organ donation; most are very

. P ain

prescription or without prescription if state

. A nti-infective drugs: Gentamicin

emotional during bereavement; believe in the

. P allor

law allows (example antitussives)

“hot-cold” theory of illness.

(Garamycin, Alcomicin, Genoptic),

kanamycin (Kantrex), neomycin (Mycifradin),

. P ulselessness

42. Medication classifications commonly used in a

30. Religions beliefs

streptomycin (Streptomycin), tobramycin

. P aresthesia

medical/surgical setting

. J ehovah’s Witness—No blood products

(Tobrex, Nebcin), amikacin (Amikin)

. P olar (cold)

. Antacids—Reduce hydrochloric acid in the

should be used

. B enzodiazepine drugs: Clonazepam

stomach

. Hindu—No beef or items containing gelatin

37. Hip fractures—Hip fractures commonly hemor-

(Klonopin), diazepam (Valium),

. A ntianemics—Increase red blood cell

rhage, whereas femur fractures are at risk for fat

chlordiazepoxide (Librium), lorazepam

. J ewish—Special dietary restrictions, use of

production

emboli.

(Ativan), flurazepam (Dalmane)

kosher foods

. Anticholenergics—Decrease oral secretions

38. Profile of gallbladder disease—Fair, fat, forty,

. P henothiazine drugs: Chlopromazine

31. Therapeutic diets

(Thorazine), prochlorperazine (Compazine),

. A nticoagulants—Prevent clot formation

five pregnancies, flatulent (actually gallbladder

. R enal diet—High calorie, high carbohydrate,

disease can occur in all ages and both sexes).

trifluoperazine (Stelazine), promethazine

. Anticonvulsants—Used for management of

low protein, low potassium, low sodium, and

(Phenergan), hydroxyzine (Vistaril),

seizures/bipolar disorder

fluid restricted to intake = output + 500 ml

fluphenazine (Prolixin)

TIps for assIGnInG sTaff duTIes

. A ntidiarrheals—Decrease gastric motility

. G out diet—Low purine; omit poultry (“cold

. G lucocorticoid drugs: Prednisolone (Delta-

and reduce water in bowel

chicken”) medication for acute episodes:

39. Management and delegation

Cortef, Prednisol, Prednisolone), prednisone

Colchicine; maintenance medication: Zyloprim

. Antihistamines—Block the release of

(Apo-Prednisone, Deltasone, Meticorten,

. D elegate sterile skills such as dressing chang-

histamine

. H eart healthy diet—Low fat (less than

es to the RN or LPN. Where nonskilled care is

Orasone, Panasol-S), betamethasone

30% of calories should be from fat)

required, you can delegate the stable client to

(Celestone, Selestoject, Betnesol),

. A ntihypertensives—Lower blood pressure

and increase blood flow

the nursing assistant. Choose the most critical

dexamethasone (Decadron, Deronil, Dexon,

32. Acid/base balance

client to assign to the RN, such as the client

Mymethasone, Dalalone), cortisone (Cortone),

. A nti-infectives—Used for the treatment of

. R OME (respiratory opposite/metabolic equal)

hydrocortisone (Cortef, Hydrocortone

who has recently returned from chest surgery.

infections

is a quick way of remembering that in respi-

Clients who are being discharged should have

Phosphate, Cortifoam), methylpredniso-

. Bronchodilators—Dilate large air passages

ratory acid/base disorders the pH is opposite

final assessments done by the RN.

lone (Solu-cortef, Depo-Medrol, Depopred,

in asthma/lung disease

to the other components. For example, in

Medrol, Rep-Pred), triamcinolone (Amcort,

. T he PN, like the RN, can monitor clients with

respiratory acidosis, the pH is below normal

. D iuretics—Decrease water/sodium from the

Aristocort, Atolone, Kenalog, Triamolone)

IV therapy, insert urinary catheters and feed-

and the CO

is elevated, as is the HCO

Loop of Henle

ing tubes, apply restraints, discontinue IVs,

. A ntivirals: Acyclovir (Zovirax), ritonavir

(respiratory opposite). In metabolic disorders,

. L axatives—Promote the passage of stool

(Norvir), saquinavir (Invirase, Fortovase),

drains, and sutures.

the components of the lab values are the

indinavir (Crixivan), abacavir (Ziagen), cidofo-

. Miotics—Constrict the pupils

. F or room assignments, do not coassign the

same. An example of this is metabolic aci-

vir (Vistide), ganciclovir (Cytovene, Vitrasert)

post-operative client with clients who have

dosis. In metabolic acidosis, the pH is below

. M ydriatics—Dilate the pupils

vomiting, diarrhea, open wounds, or chest

. C holesterol-lowering drugs: Atorvastatin

normal and the CO

is decreased, as is the

. N arcotics/analgesics—Relieve moderate to

(Lipitor), fluvastatin (Lescol), lovastatin

tube drainage. Remember the A, B, Cs (air-

HCO

. This is true in a compensated situation.

severe pain

way, breathing, circulation) when answering

(Mevacor), pravastatin (Pravachol),

. p H down, CO

up, and HCO

up = respiratory

questions choices that ask who would you

simvastatin (Zocar), rosuvastatin (Crestor)

acidosis

see first. For hospital triage, care for the

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The Nclex-Rn Cram Sheet Page 2

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