Home Science Reading Comprehension Worksheet (English/indian) Page 3
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40Section – I
Ö›ü - I
This section contains five (5) questions based on the following paragraph. Each
question should be answered in about thirty (30) words and carries five (5) marks.
(5 × × × × 5 = 25 Marks)
‡ÃÖ ÖÓ › ü ´Öë ×−Ö´−Ö×»Ö×ÖŸÖ †−Öã “ ”ê û ¤ ü ¯Ö¸ü †Ö¬ÖÖ׸ü Ÿ Ö ¯ÖÖÑ “ Ö (5) ¯ÖÏ ¿ −Ö Æï ü … ¯ÖÏ Ÿ µÖê ú ¯ÖÏ ¿ −Ö úÖ ˆ¢Ö¸ü »ÖÖ³ÖÖ ŸÖßÃÖ (30)
¿Ö²¤ü Ö ë ´Öë †¯Öê × ÖŸÖ Æî ü … ¯ÖÏ Ÿ µÖê ú ¯ÖÏ ¿ −Ö ¯ÖÖÑ “ Ö (5) †Ó úÖë úÖ Æî ü …
†Ó ú
(5 × × × × 5 = 25
)
Even after more than 50 years of Independence India still has the world’s largest
number of poor people in a single country. Of its nearly 1 billion inhabitants, as
estimated 260.3 million are below the poverty line, of which 193.2 million are in the
rural areas and 67.1 million are in urban areas. More than 75% of poor people reside
in villages. Poverty level is not uniform across India. The poverty level is below 10%
in States like Delhi, Goa and Punjab etc., whereas it is below 50% in Bihar (43) and
Orissa (47). It is between 30-40% in Northeastern States of Assam, Tripura and
Meghalaya and in Southern States of Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh.
The main causes of urban poverty are predominantly due to impoverishment of rural
peasantry that forces them to move out of villages to seek some subsistence living in
the towns and cities. In this process, they even lose the open space or habitat they had
in villages albeit without food and other basic amenities. When they come to cities,
they get access to some food though other sanitary facilities including clean water
supply still elude them. And they have to stay in the habitats that place them under
sub human conditions. While a select few have standards of living comparable to the
richest in the world, the majority fails to get two meals a day. The causes of rural
poverty are manifold including inadequate and ineffective implementation of anti-
poverty programmes. The overdependence on monsoon with non-availability of
irrigational facilities often result in crop-failure and low agricultural productivity
forcing farmers in the debt-traps. The rural communities tend to spend large
percentage of annual earnings on social ceremonies like marriage, feast etc. Our
economic development since Independence has been lopsided. There has been
increase in unemployment creating poverty like situations for many. Population is
growing at an alarming rate. The size of the Indian family is relatively bigger
averaging at 4.2. The other causes include dominance of caste system which forces
the individual to stick to the traditional and hereditary occupations. Since the 1970s
the Indian Government has made poverty reduction a priority in its development
planning. Policies have focused on improving the poor standard of living by ensuring
food security, promoting self-employment through greater access to assets, increasing
wage employment and improving access to basic social services.
The Jawahar Rozgar Yojana a national public works scheme launched in 1989 with
financing from the central and state governments, provides more than 700 million
person days of work a year about 1% of total employment for people with few
opportunities for employment. The scheme has two components ; a programme to
provide low-cost housing and one to supply free irrigation wells to poor and
marginalized farmers. The public works scheme is self-targeting. Since it offers
D-1209
3
P.T.O.
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