Aqueous Ions And Reactions Worksheet With Answers Page 7
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10NaOH
KOH
Ca(OH)
2
Ba(OH)
2
Arrhenius Acids and Bases
+
Acid increase concentration of hydronium ion (H3O
)
-
Base increase concentration of hydroxide (OH
)
+
-
Acid: HCl (aq) + H2O H
O
(aq) + Cl
3
+
-
HCl (aq) H
(aq) + Cl
(aq)
2+
-
Base: Ca(OH)
(s) Ca
(aq) + 2OH
(aq)
2
+
-
NH
(aq) + H
O NH
(aq) + OH
3
2
4
(acid)
Often:
Acid + Base Water + Salt
+
-
HCl + NaOH H
O + NaCl (aq) Note: it stays as ions Na
and Cl
2
Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
Acid is a substance that can donate a proton
Base is a substance that can accept a proton
Reaction involves the transfer of protons from acid to base
Acid 1 + Base 2 <-----> Acid 2 + Base 1
+
-
HC
H
O
+ H
O <----> H
O
+ C
H
O
2
3
2
2
3
2
3
2
-
+
Conjugate Acid-Base pair HC
H
O
and C
H
O
, H
O and H
O
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
3
+
Equilibrium lies more to left so H
O
is a stronger acid than acetic acid
3
Water can act as an acid or base
Acid 1
Base 2
Acid 2
Base 1
+
-
H
O
+
NH
<--- -->
NH
OH
2
3
4
NH
is a stronger acid than H
O
4
2
-
OH
is a stronger base than NH
3
When an acid gives up a proton it forms a base
When base accepts proton it forms an acid
+
-
HA + H
O <----> H
O
+ A
2
3
acid base
acid
base
-
HA and A
are conjugate acid-base pair
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