Elements, Atoms, Ions, And The Periodic Table Worksheet With Answers Page 10
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14The energy required to remove an electron from the atom is the ionization energy.
Descending a group, the ionization energy decreases. Proceeding across a period, the ionization
energy increases.
Problem: Arrange the following list of elements in order of increasing ionization energy.
a) N,F, O
b) Li, K, Cs
c) Br, I, Cl
Answer:
a) (Smallest) N, O, F(Largest)
b) (Smallest) Cs, K, Li (largest)
d) (Smallest) Cl, Br, I (Largest)
Electron Affinity
The energy released when a single electron is added to neutral atom in the gaseous state is
known as the electron affinity. Electron affinities generally decrease proceeding down a group
and increase proceeding across a period.
Exceptions exist for periodic trends. They are generally small anomalies, and do not detract
from the predictive power of the periodic table.
Problem: Arrange the following list of elements in order of increasing ionization energy.
a. Na, Li, K
b. Br, F, Cl
c. S, O, Se
Answer:
a.
(Smallest) Li, Na, K (Largest)
b.
(Smallest) F, Br, Cl (Largest)
c.
(Smallest) Se, S, O (Largest)
Ion Size
Ions follows same trends as for atomic radius in a group, fro example taking oxide and sulfide
2-
2-
ion: radius of O
< S
.
Cation or positive ions have fewer electrons than neutral atom and nuclear charge being same
attract remaining electrons strongly making cation smaller than the neutral atom
Anions or negative ions larger than neutral atom. Anions are larger than the atoms from which
there are formed. Adding electrons to an atom increases the repulsion between electrons.
Anion has a harder time holding on to the electrons.
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