General Chemistry Ii Jasperse - Electrochemistry Extra Practice Problems With Answers
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131
General Chemistry II
Jasperse
Electrochemistry. Extra Practice Problems
Oxidation Numbers
p1
Free Energy and Equilibrium
p10
Balancing Redox; Electrons Transferred; Oxidizing
p2
K Values and Voltage
p11
T
Agents; Reducing Agents
Spontaneous Voltaic Electrochemical Cells
p4
Nonstandard Concentrations and Cell Potential
p11
Cell Potentials
p5
Electrolysis
p12
Predictable Oxidation and Reduction Strength Patterns
p8
Ranking Relative Activity, Based on Observed
p9
Answer Key
p13
Reactivity or Lack Thereof
Key Equations Given for Test:
E˚ cell =E˚ reduction + E˚ oxidation
∆G˚ = –96.5nE˚ cell (∆G˚ in kJ)
E cell = E˚ – [0.0592/n]log Q
log K = nE˚/0.0592
–
Mol e
= [A • time (sec)/96,500]
time (sec)= mol e • 96,500/current (in A)
t = (t
/0.693) ln (A
/A
)
ln (A
/A
) = 0.693•t /t
1/2
o
t
o
t
1/2
2
8
E = ∆mc
(m in kg, E in J, c = 3x10
m/s)
Oxidation Numbers
1.
What is the oxidation number of chromium in the ionic compound ammonium dichromate, (NH
)
Cr
O
?
4
2
2
7
T
a.
+3
d.
+6
1. Treat Polyatomics as a "package" (helpful shortcut)
b.
+4
e.
+7
2. Sum Oxidation Numbers
c.
+5
3. Memorize rules/priorities.
4. Suggestion: Write "individual" charges above, "sum" below
2.
What is the oxidation number of carbon in the ionic compound potassium carbonate, K
CO
?
2
3
Memorize priority in ox. # rules:
a.
+3
d.
+6
elements >
simple obvious ions >
b.
+4
e.
+7
G1,G2 metal cation charge >
c.
+5
H (+1) > O (-2) > halogen (-1) >
deduce the rest.
3.
What are the oxidation numbers for nickel, sulfur, and oxygen in Ni
(SO
)
?
2
4
3
a.
Ni +3; S +6; O -2
d.
Ni +2; S +2; O -2
b.
Ni +2; S +4; O -2
e.
Ni +2; S +4; O -1
c.
Ni +3; S +4; O -2
4.
When hydrogen reacts with calcium metal, what are the oxidation numbers of the calcium and hydrogen in the CaH
2
product?
Memorize priority in ox. # rules:
elements >
(g) ! CaH
Ca(s) + H
(s)
2
2
simple obvious ions >
T
G1,G2 metal cation charge >
H (+1) > O (-2) > halogen (-1) >
a.
–2 and +1
d.
0 and 0
deduce the rest.
b.
+1 and –2
e.
+2 and –2
c.
+2 and –1
5.
What are the original and final oxidation numbers for iron in the smelting of iron from iron oxide?
Fe
O
(s) + 3CO(g) ! 2Fe(s) + 3CO
(g)
2
3
2
a.
+2 ! 0
d.
+6 ! 0
b.
+3 ! 0
e.
No change
c.
0 ! +2
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