(A) +1 and +2
(B) +1 and +3
(C) +2 and +3
(D) +3 and +4
(E) +2 and +4
10. Which gives the correct orbital and order for the electrons lost in the formation of the
following cations?
(A) Ca
4p
2+
(B) Pd
5s then 5p
4+
(C) Co
4s then 3d
3+
(D) Mn
3d then 4s
7+
(E) Zn
3d
2+
11. Atoms on the left side of the chart tend to form positive ions because...
(A) Their principal energy level is almost empty
(B) Their principal energy level is almost full
(C) Their atomic number is less than other elements in that period
(D) Both B and C
(E) A, B, and C
Atomic and Ionic Radii
12. Atomic radius generally increases as we move
(A) down a group and from right to left across a period
(B) up a group and from left to right across a period
(C) down a group and from left to right across a period
(D) up a group and from right to left across a period
(E) down a group; the period position has no effect
13. The effective nuclear charge of an atom is primarily affected by
(A) inner electrons
(B) outer electrons
(C) nuclear charge
(D) electron distribution
(E) orbital radial probability
AP Chemistry
Periodic Trends