Language Of Chemistry Worksheet With Answer Key
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5CHAPTER 7: LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY
Problems to try at the end of the chapter using Table 7.3 as reference. Answers in Appendix I:
7, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 51b, 53b, 57ac, 61, 69, 71, 73
Note the notes in this chapter are presented a bit different than the book.
7.1
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPOUNDS
binary: contains 2 elements
ternary: contains 3 or more elements
ionic compound: metal + nonmetal(s) (eg. NaCl, CaBr
, KMnO
, BaSO
)
2
4
4
molecular / covalent compound: 2 or more nonmetals (eg. NH
, CCl
)
3
4
–
+
2–
monoatomic ion: charged ion from a single atom (eg Na
, Cl
, O
)
–
2–
polyatomic ion: charged ion containing 2 or more atoms (eg. OH
, SO
)
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7.2
Element Names and Oxidation States
Know the names and symbols for elements #1-20 and Ba, Co, I, Cu, Fe, Pb, Hg, Ag,
Au, Zn Sn, Sr, Ni, Br
We will start with formulas and names for ionic compounds, which are made of ions such that
the total charge for the compound sums up to zero
Oxidation state is a fancy name for charge
All elements alone have a charge of zero in their elemental state
Atoms get a charge and become ions when they have lost or gained electrons
Some elements have a fixed charge while others have variable charges
CATIONS: positively charged ions
Metal atoms lose electrons to form cations.
I. Oxidation states (learn these):
+
+
+
Group IA elements, alkali metals, always form +1 ions: Li
, Na
, K
2+
2+
2+
2+
Group IIA elements, alkaline earth metals, always form +2 ions: Mg
, Ca
, Sr
, Ba
3+
Group IIIA elements usually form +3 ions: Al
+
2+
2+
silver ion = Ag
; zinc ion = Zn
; cadmium ion = Cd
always!
II. The Stock system is used to name most transition metals and other metals that can have
various charges. Use a Roman Numeral to tell them apart:
2+
3+
iron (Fe), a transition metal can be Fe
= Fe(II) or Fe
= Fe(III)
2+
4+
lead (Pb), in Group IVA, can be Pb
= Pb(II) or Pb
= Pb(IV)
2+
4+
Tin can be Sn
= tin (II) or Sn
= tin (IV)
CHM 130: Chapter 7
page 1 of
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