Chemistry Reference Sheet Periodic Table Of The Elements Page 2

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Chemistry Reference Page
Formulas, Constants, and Unit Conversions
Formulas
Change in Enthalpy (Heat): Q = m( T )c
Heat of Fusion: Q = m H
p
fus
Heat of Vaporization: Q = m H
Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT
vap
mol of solute
m
Molarity (M) =
Density: d =
L of solution
V
P
V
P
V
mol of solute
1
1
2
2
Combined Gas Law:
=
Molality (m) =
T
T
kg of solvent
1
2
Boiling Point Elevation: T
= k
× m
Freezing Point Depression: T
= k
× m
b
b
f
f
Constants
kPa × L
atm × L
Universal Gas Constant (R): 0.0821
, or equal to 8.31
mol × K
mol × K
L
Molar Volume at STP: 22.4
23
Avogadro’s Number (1 mole): 6.02 × 10
mol
cal
J
Specific Heat Capacity of Liquid Water: c
(H
O) = 1.00
= 4.18
p
2
g × ºC
g × ºC
Unit Conversions
lb
1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 Torr = 101.3 kPa = 14.7
= 29.92 in. Hg
K = ºC + 273
in.
2
1.000 calorie = 4.184 Joules
1 mL = 1 cm
3
1 L = 1,000 mL = 1,000 cm
3
giga (G) = 10
9
, mega (M) = 10
6
, kilo (k) = 10
3
, hecto (h) = 10
2
, deka (da) = 10
1
– 1
– 2
– 3
– 6
– 9
deci (d) = 10
, centi (c) = 10
, milli (m) = 10
, micro (µ) = 10
, nano (n) = 10
Common Ions
Element Name
Charges
Ions
Charges
Ions
Charges
1+
+
2–
Silver (Ag
)
1+
Ammonium (NH
)
1+
Oxide (O
)
2–
4
Zinc (Zn
2+
)
2+
Nitrate (NO
–
)
2–
1–
Sulfide (S
)
2–
3
Scandium (Sc
3+
)
3+
–
Nitrite (NO
)
1–
Sulfate (SO
2–
)
2–
2
4
Copper (Cu
1+
, Cu
2+
)
1+, 2+
Hydrogen Carbonate (HCO
–
)
1–
Sulfite (SO
2–
)
2–
3
3
Gold (Au
1+
, Au
3+
)
1+, 3+
Perchlorate (ClO
–
)
1–
Carbonate (CO
2–
)
2–
4
3
2+
3+
Cobalt ( Co
, Co
)
2+, 3+
Chlorate (ClO
–
)
2–
1–
Peroxide (O
)
2–
3
2
Nickel (Ni
2+
, Ni
3+
)
2+, 3+
Chlorite (ClO
–
)
1–
Chromate (CrO
2–
)
2–
2
4
Lead (Pb
2+
, Pb
4+
)
2+, 4+
Hypochlorite (ClO
–
)
1–
Dichromate (Cr
O
2–
)
2–
2
7
Tin (Sn
2+
, Sn
4+
)
2+, 4+
Phosphate (PO
3–
)
3–
4
1+
2+
Mercury (Hg
, Hg
)
1+, 2+
Iron (Fe
2+
, Fe
3+
)
2+, 3+
Titanium (Ti
2+
, Ti
3+
, Ti
4+
)
2+, 3+, 4+
Chromium (Cr
2+
, Cr
3+
)
2+, 3+
Vanadium (V
2+
, V
3+
, V
4+
)
2+, 3+, 4+
2+
3+
4+
Manganese (Mn
, Mn
, Mn
)
2+, 3+, 4+
Turn over for Periodic Table of the Elements

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