Names And Formulas Of Common Ions Page 2
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2Names and Formulas of Common Ions
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Adding hydrogen to nonmetal oxyanions : When a hydrogen ion (H
) is added to an oxyanion, the charge of the oxyanion becomes
less negative by one. The new anion is named by adding the word "hydrogen " before the name of the original oxyanion (or by adding
the prefix "bi -"). If two hydrogens area added to an oxyanion, the charge will become less negative by two and the word
"dihydrogen " is added in front of the original oxyanion's name.
Group 14 elements
Group 15 elements
Group 16 elements
2-
3-
2-
CO
PO
SO
carbonate
phosphate
sulfate
3
4
4
-
2-
-
hydrogen phosphate
hydrogen sulfate
HCO
HPO
HSO
hydrogen carbonate
3
4
4
(or bisulfate)
-
H
PO
dihydrogen phosphate
(or bicarbonate)
2
4
3-
2-
PO
SO
phosphite
sulfite
3
3
2-
-
hydrogen phosphite
hydrogen sulfite
HPO
HSO
3
3
-
H
PO
dihydrogen phosphite
2
3
Other polyatomic ions: There are a few polyatomic anions that don't fit into any of the previous categories and have been given
"common" names. It's best to try to commit these ions to memory!
1- charge
2- charge
-
2-
C
H
O
acetate
O
peroxide
2
3
2
2
-
OH
hydroxide
*Look for the subscript to
CN-
tell the difference between
cyanide
2-
O
(oxide ion)
-
CNO
cyanate
2-
and O
(peroxide ion)!
-
SCN
2
thiocyanate
Monoatomic cations : positively charged ions consisting of a single atom of one element (usually a metal). There are two categories of
monoatomic cations: cations with a single (or set) charge, and cations with variable charges.
To name a monoatomic ion with a set charge, name the element and add the word "ion " to show that there is a charge.
Group 1 elements
Group 2 elements
Other cations with
1+ charge
2+ charge
set charges
+
2+
3+
hydrogen ion
beryllium ion
aluminum ion
H
Be
Al
+
2+
2+
Li
lithium ion
Mg
magnesium ion
Zn
zinc ion
+
2+
2+
sodium ion
calcium ion
cadmium ion
Na
Ca
Cd
+
2+
+
K
Sr
Ag
potassium ion
strontium ion
silver ion
+
2+
Rb
rubidium ion
Ba
barium ion
+
Cs
cesium ion
Some metals,especially the transition metals, can form more than one type of ion, each having a different charge. These charges can
be difficult to predict from the periodic table, so they are indicated by using Roman numerals as part of the name.
2+
2+
3+
2+
cobalt (II) ion
cobalt (III) ion
mercury (II) ion
Hg
mercury (I) ion*
Co
Co
Hg
2
+
2+
Cu
copper (I) ion
Cu
copper (II) ion
*Exception - mercury (I) ion is actually a diatomic ion
2+
3+
(two atoms), not monoatomic. Look for the subscript to tell the
Fe
iron (II) ion
Fe
iron (III) ion
difference between mercury (I) and mercury (II)!
2+
4+
lead (II) ion
lead (IV) ion
Pb
Pb
2+
4+
tin (II) ion
tin (IV) ion
Sn
Sn
2+
3+
4+
6+
manganese (II) ion
manganese (III) ion
manganese (IV) ion
manganese (VI) ion
Mn
Mn
Mn
Mn
Manganese can form several different cations - these are the four most common forms.
Polyatomic cations : Most polyatomic ions are negatively charged anions - there are only two common polyatomic cations.
+
+
NH
H
O
ammonium ion
hydronium ion
4
3
Reprint with permission only: Chandler-Gilbert Community College Learning Center
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