Cell Structure Biology Sheet (Page 2 of 4) in pdf

(= “little network within the cytoplasm”)

power plants of cells:

a single highly branched membranous tube, with

sacs and flattened channels = cisternae

contain enzymes for respiration and

ATP synthesis

two types:

most cells contain both types

produces most of cells ATP (=energy)

(in different proportions)

!use oxygen gas in energy releasing reactions

Rough ER:

the oxygen dependent energy releasing

lots of ribosomes attached to surface

reactions = aerobic respiration

occur in mitochondria

protein synthesis and transport

typical cell has dozens to 100,000’s

esp those that are secreted or those

found in lysosomes

!number related to cells activity

especially in protein exporting cells

eg: muscle & nerve cells

100,000’s/cell

liver cells

1000’s/cell

eg. liver and pancreas

sperm cells

~25/cell

6. Ribosomes

Smooth ER:

workbenches for protein synthesis

no ribosomes

!protein factories (translation)

lipid metabolism

up to 1000’s per cell

transports lipids & proteins thru cell

most cells have only a small amt of

># ribosomes = > amount of protein

smooth ER

synthesis

most common in lipid synthesizing cells

7. Endoplasmic Reticulum

Microscopy , Cells, Tissues: Cell Structure – Animals/Humans; Ziser Lecture Notes, 2012.3

eg. liver cells

several 100/cell

and detox cells of liver

size and shape changes

long term abuse of alcohol, barbiturates and

other drugs leads to tolerance partly

“digestive system” of cell:

because smooth ER proliferates and

detoxifies the drugs more quickly

contains at least 50 different enzymes

ER highly modified in skeletal muscle cells

!capable of breaking almost every kind of large

=sarcoplasmic reticulum

organic molecule

! Ca

storage

a. destroys unwanted materials, cellular

8. Golgi Bodies, Golgi Apparatus

debris, worn out organelles

eg. mitochondria

usually near nucleus

b. also used by WBC’s and neuroglia cells to

stack of membranes (flattened sacs)

destroy invading pathogens

functions in “packing & shipping”

c. gets rid of worn out cells = suicide bags

encloses chemicals in vesicles and takes them

= apoptosis (programmed cell death)

to the cell membrane for secretion

eg. during development, removes “webs” from

usually 1 to several 100 golgi bodies in a cell

between fingers and toes

eg. restores original size of uterus after delivery

but may be up to 25,000/cell

at full term weighs ~30 oz (900g)

shrinks to 2 oz (60 g) within 5 or 6 weeks

!highest in secretory cells

after delivery

9. Lysosomes

10. Peroxisomes

membrane bound package of digestive enzymes

Microscopy , Cells, Tissues: Cell Structure – Animals/Humans; Ziser Lecture Notes, 2012.3

Cell Structure Biology Sheet Page 2

Related Articles

Related forms

Related Categories