Ions And The Octet Rule Solution
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36.1 IONS AND THE OCTET RULE SOLUTION– STUDENT NOTES, CLASSWORK AND HW
Learning Objectives:
full
transfer
negative
Octet
full
cation
Ionic
Metal
Why/How do atoms form ions?
gain positive
protons
Electron
gain
anion
inert
Non-metal
What is the Octet Rule?
lose Alkali
halogens
valence
lose
atoms
eight
Why/How do atoms form ionic bonds?
metals
What is an ionic bond?
The Noble gases are unreactive or
INERT
because they have
FULL
outer shells. With the exception of Helium,
which only has room for 2 electrons in its outer shell, the other Noble gases all have
EIGHT
electrons in their
outer shell. These observations led scientists to create the
OCTET
Rule which says that
ATOMS
prefer to have
FULL
outer shells.
In order to have a full outer shell atoms can
GAIN
or
LOSE
electrons.
LOSING ELECTRONS FOR A FULL SHELL - Atoms that have lost electrons have an excess of
POSITIVE
charge
because they have more
PROTONS
than ELECTRONS. These positive ions are called CATIONS. To remember
this name notice that it has a “t” in it which looks like a “+”. Atoms with very few
VALENCE
electrons, such as
Lithium, would need to gain many electrons for a full shell so it is easier for them to
LOSE
electrons and
become POSITIVE.
GAINING ELECTRONS FOR A FULL SHELL - Atoms that have gained electrons have an excess of
NEGATIVE
charge because they have more
ELECTRONS
than PROTONS. These
negative
ions are called ANIONS. To
remember this name notice that it has an “n” in it, which is the first letter in “Negative”.
THE BOHR MODEL AND THE MAKING OF AN ION – LITHIUM
NEUTRAL LITHIUM ATOM
LITHIUM ION
Draw in the protons and electrons for the NEUTRAL
The neutral atom shown at left has a desire for a full outer
LITHIUM ATOM above.
shell. Which possibility most easily obtains a full outer most
How many protons does it have?
3
shell? GAINING 7 or LOSING ONE
How many electrons does it have?
3
How many protons does it have?
3
How many electrons does it have?
2
What is its net (total) charge?
Neutral
(Add the charges for the protons to the charges of the electrons)
+1
What is its net (total) charge?
(Add the charges for the protons to the charges of the electrons)
0
+3 + (-3) =
+1
+3 + (-2) =
To obtain a full outer shell it will
LOSE
one electron. It will
The
metals and Hydrogen will all
GROUP 1 OR ALKALI
LOSE
lose its
VALENCE
electron
one electron to become 1+ ions. Positive ions are called
CATIONS.
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