First Hop Redundancy

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F
H
R
IRST
OP
EDUNDANCY
packetlife.net
Protocols
Attributes
HSRP
VRRP
GLBP
Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)
Provides default gateway redundancy using one active
Standard
RFC 2281
RFC 3768
Cisco
and one standby router; standardized but licensed by
Load Balancing
No
No
Yes
Cisco Systems
IPv6 Support
Yes
No
Yes
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
An open-standard alternative to Cisco's HSRP,
Transport
UDP/1985
IP/112
UDP/3222
providing the same functionality
Default Priority
100
100
100
Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP)
Default Hello
3 sec
1 sec
3 sec
Supports arbitrary load balancing in addition to
redundancy across gateways; Cisco proprietary
Multicast Group
224.0.0.2
224.0.0.18
224.0.0.102
HSRP
VRRP
GLBP
100
200
100
100
200
100
100
200
100
Standby
Active
Listen
Backup
Master
Backup
AVF
AVF
AVF
AVG
HSRP Configuration
HSRP/GLBP Interface States
Speak
Gateway election in progress
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.0
Active
Active router/VG
standby version {1 | 2}
Standby
Backup router/VG
standby 1 ip 10.0.1.1
standby 1 timers <hello> <dead>
Listen
Not the active router/VG
standby 1 priority <priority>
standby 1 preempt
VRRP Interface States
standby 1 authentication md5 key-string <password>
standby 1 track <interface> <value>
Master
Acting as the virtual router
standby 1 track <object> decrement <value>
Backup
All non-master routers
VRRP Configuration
GLBP Roles
interface FastEthernet0/0
Active Virtual Gateway (AVG)
ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.0
Answers for the virtual router and assigns
vrrp 1 ip 10.0.1.1
virtual MAC addresses to group members
vrrp 1 timers {advertise <hello> | learn}
vrrp 1 priority <priority>
Active Virtual Forwarder (AVF)
vrrp 1 preempt
All routers which forward traffic for the group
vrrp 1 authentication md5 key-string <password>
vrrp 1 track <object> decrement <value>
GLBP Load Balancing
Round-Robin (default)
GLBP Configuration
The AVG answers host ARP requests for the
virtual router with the next router in the cycle
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.0
Host-Dependent
glbp 1 ip 10.0.1.1
Round-robin cycling is used while a consistent
glbp 1 timers <hello> <dead>
AVF is maintained for each host
glbp 1 timers redirect <redirect> <time-out>
Weighted
glbp 1 priority <priority>
glbp 1 preempt
Determines the proportionate share of hosts
glbp 1 forwarder preempt
handled by each AVF
glbp 1 authentication md5 key-string <password>
glbp 1 load-balancing <method>
Troubleshooting
glbp 1 weighting <weight> lower <lower> upper <upper>
show standby [brief]
show vrrp [brief]
glbp 1 weighting track <object> decrement <value>
show glbp [brief]
show track [brief]
by Jeremy Stretch
v2.0

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