Chapter 8 Study Guide (Page 4 of 4) in pdf

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22. Complete the following table that compares mitosis and meiosis:

Mitosis

Meiosis

How many cells are

produced?

How many sets of

chromosomes are in each

resulting cell?

Are the daughter cells

identical or different from

Identical

different

parent cell?

Daughter cells are haploid

Diploid

haploid

or diploid?

23. What is crossing over? In what phase of meiosis does crossing-over occur?

Crossing over is when homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange DNA; this occurs during prophase I of

meiosis.

24. What does crossing over have to do with genetic diversity?

Crossing over results in unique combinations of DNA thus increasing the diversity of combinations in a

population.

25. What is synapsis? In what phase of meiosis does it occur?

Synapsis occurs in prophase I and is when homologous chromosomes pair up.

26. What is a tetrad? In what phase of meiosis do tetrads form?

A tetrad is the group of two homologues that occurs during prophase I of meiosis.

27. In what phase of meiosis do tetrads separate?

The tetrads separate in anaphase I of meiosis.

28. In what phase of meiosis do sister chromatids separate?

The sister chromotids separate in anaphase II of meiosis.

29. What are gametes?

Reproductive cells (sperm and eggs).

30. The following diagrams show cells from an organism with a diploid

chromosome number of 4.

Which one of these will form gametes?

Number 2 because the X-shaped chromosomes are separating it

must be meiosis and we know it is anaphase I because in Anaphase

II the sister chromatids are separated; gametes are formed during meiosis.

Which one will be diploid at the end of division?

Number 1 will be diploid at the end of the division because the question stated that the organism when

diploid has 4 chromosomes. When number on is divided, each new cell will still have 4 chromosomes.

Number 2 is incorrect because we’ve already established that this is meiosis, anaphase I to be exact.

Once it completes division (meiosis II) it will make four cells with 2 chromosomes each.

31. Complete the chart below to compare spermatogenesis and oogenesis.

Spermatogenesis

Oogenesis

Produces which sex cell?

Sperm

Eggs

How many sex cells are

produced from meiosis?

Produces “polar bodies” –

Yes

Yes or No

32. If gametes did not have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell; what would be the result

of a union of gametes?

Then the offspring would have double the number of their parents; and each generation

would result in offspring with double the number of their parents.

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Chapter 8 Study Guide Page 4

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