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will after the first year provide reduced labor costs in

Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

harvesting, cleaning and processing the seed crop

(Accessed January 23, 2012)

(LLPMC, NRCS 2008, USDA M7-N-21281 July 1969).

Pratt, M., Bowns, J., Banner, R., Rasmussen, A., 2002.

Galleta. In: Range Plants of Utah, [Online]. Utah

Galleta seed production is rated as fair to poor. At the Los

State University, USU Extension

Lunas, New Mexico Plant Materials Center (LLPMC)

seed production plantings of source-identified collections

(Accessed January 23, 2012)

have consistently yielded less than the released cultivar

Simonin, K., 2000. Pleuraphis jamesii. In: Fire Effects

‘Viva’. Seed production depends on the percentage of

Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of

flowers pollinated and the formation of viable seed. The

Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain

pollination and subsequent seed development was found

Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory

to be poor for galleta and for several other species found

(Accessed

in genus Pleuraphis (USU Bulletin 487, August 1972).

January 23, 2012)

Seed should be visually checked for maturity under a

Skinner, Q., 2010. A Field Guide to Wyoming Grasses.

magnifying apparatus to allow for harvesting the greatest

Education Resources Publishing, Cumming, GA. 595

amount of viable seed. In studies at the LLPMC, galleta

grown in seed increase plantings ranged from 23 to 35

USDA M7-M-21281 Plant Materials in the Soil

pounds of caryopsis pure live seed per acre (NMSU

Conservation Service (July 1969) 40 p.

USDA NRCS ‘Viva’ Galleta Release Notice, March

USDA. 1994. Grass Varieties in the United States.

1979).

Agriculture Handbook No. 170. United States

Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation

Cultivars, Improved, and Selected Materials (and area

Service. 296p.

of origin)

USDA NRCS Los Lunas Plant Materials Center 2008:

Basic Guidelines for Seeding Native Grasses in Arid

‘Viva’ was selected and released at the Los Lunas, New

and Semi-Arid Ecosystems.

Mexico Plant Materials Center in 1979 in cooperation

Utah State University Bulletin 487 Galleta: Taxonomy,

with the New Mexico and Colorado State University

Ecology and Management of Hilaria jamesii on

Experiment Stations. The original collection was from a

Western Rangelands (August 1972).

native stand near Kirk, NM. Source material was

increased and selected in comparison rows and field

Prepared By:

studies for improved seedling vigor, forage, and seed

Loren St. John, USDA NRCS Plant Materials Center,

yield. Breeder and Foundation seed is maintained by the

Aberdeen, ID

Los Lunas Plant Materials Center and Certified Seed is

available (USDA, 1994).

Derek Tilley, USDA NRCS Plant Materials Center,

Aberdeen, ID

There also may be other unnamed selections or ecotypes

of this species available from commercial sources.

Danny G. Goodson, USDA NRCS Plant Materials Center,

Los Lunas, NM

References

Native American Ethnobotany. A Database of Foods,

For more information about this and other plants, please

Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples

contact your local NRCS field office or Conservation

Derived from Plants. University of Michigan,

District at

and visit the

College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters

PLANTS Web site at

or the Plant

(Accessed January 24,

Materials Program Web site

2012)

materials.nrcs.usda.gov.

New Mexico State University Cooperative Extension

Service Circular 503 ‘Viva’ Galleta, (1982).

PLANTS is not responsible for the content or availability

New Mexico NRCS Range Technical Note 81, Seeding

of other Web sites.

Rate Statistic for Native and Introduced Species,

1998.

PLANTS Database. Pleuraphis jamesii. [Online].

U.S. Department of

Citation

Published April, 2012

St. John, L., D. Tilley, and D. Goodson. 2012. Plant

Edited: 25Jan2012ls; 10Feb2012dg; 13 Mar2012ls;

guide for Galleta (Pleuraphis jamesii) USDA-Natural

13Mar2012dt, 14Mar2012jab; 12Apr2012ls

Resources Conservation Service, Plant Materials Center,

Aberdeen, Idaho 83210.

Plant Guide - James' Galleta Pleuraphis Jamesii Torr. - U.s. Deparment O Agriculture Page 3

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