Covalent Bonding Chemistry Worksheet With Answers
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CHAPTER
8
Study Guide
Study Guide
Key Concepts
Study Tip
8.1 Molecules and Molecular Compounds
8.3 Bonding Theories
• Molecular compounds tend to have relative-
• Just as an atomic orbital belongs to a partic-
Switch Tasks When you feel yourself
ly low melting and boiling points.
ular atom, a molecular orbital belongs to a
losing focus, switch the type of task
molecule as a whole.
• A molecular formula shows how many atoms
you are working on, the subject that
of each element a molecule contains.
• According to VSEPR theory, the repulsion
between electron pairs causes molecular
you are studying, or the environment
shapes to adjust so that the valence-electron
8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonding
you are in. Take a break and walk
pairs stay as far apart as possible.
• Electron sharing occurs so that atoms attain
the configurations of noble gases.
around a bit. Stop studying when you
• Orbital hybridization provides information
about both molecular bonding and molecular
• An electron dot structure shows the shared
are no longer being productive.
shape.
electrons of a covalent bond by a pair of dots.
• Atoms form double or triple bonds by sharing
8.4 Polar Bonds and Molecules
two or three pairs of electrons.
• When different atoms bond, the more elec-
• In a coordinate covalent bond, the shared
tronegative atom attracts electrons more
electron pair comes from a single atom.
strongly and acquires a slight negative
charge.
• A large bond dissociation energy corre-
sponds to a strong covalent bond.
If your class subscribes to the Inter-
• Polar molecules between oppositely charged
metal plates tend to become oriented with
active Textbook with ChemASAP,
• In ozone, the bonding of oxygen atoms is a
respect to the positive and negative plates.
hybrid of the extremes represented by the
your students can go online to
resonance forms.
• Intermolecular attractions are weaker than
access an interactive version of the
either an ionic or covalent bond.
• The octet rule is not satisfied in molecules
Student Edition and a self-test.
with an odd number of electrons, and in
• Melting a network solid requires breaking
molecules where an atom has less, or more,
ChemASAP
covalent bonds throughout the solid.
with
than a complete octet of valence electrons.
• bond dissociation energy (p. 226)
Vocabulary
• bonding orbital (p. 230)
• double covalent bond (p. 221)
• polar covalent bond (p. 238)
• covalent bond (p. 213)
• hybridization (p. 234)
• polar molecule (p. 239)
• coordinate covalent bond
• hydrogen bonds (p. 241)
• polyatomic ion (p. 223)
(p. 223)
• molecular compound (p. 214)
• resonance structure (p. 227)
• diatomic molecule (p. 214)
• molecular formula (p. 215)
• sigma bond (p. 230)
• dipole (p. 239)
• molecular orbital (p. 230)
• single covalent bond (p. 217)
• dipole interactions (p. 240)
• molecule (p. 214)
• structural formula (p. 218)
• dispersion forces (p. 240)
• network solids (p. 243)
• tetrahedral angle (p. 232)
• nonpolar covalent bond (p. 237)
• triple covalent bond (p. 221)
• pi bond (p. 231)
• unshared pair (p. 218)
• polar bond (p. 238)
• van der Waals forces (p. 240)
• VSEPR theory (p. 232)
Organizing Information
Construct a concept map that organizes
the major ideas of this chapter.
intermolecular
molecular
covalent bond
polar bond
attraction
orbital
coordinate
resonance
hybrid
covalent bond
structure
orbital
Concept Map 8 Solve the
Concept Map with the help of
covalent
VSEPR theory
an interactive guided tutorial.
compound
ChemASAP
with
246 Chapter 8
Chapter Resources
Print
Technology
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Core Teaching Resources, Chapter 8,
Computer Test Bank, Chapter 8 Test
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Practice
Problems,
Vocabulary
Review,
Interactive Textbook with ChemASAP,
Quiz,
Chapter Test
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Chapter Test B
Chapter 8
246 Chapter 8
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