Covalent Bonding Chemistry Worksheet With Answers Page 3
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6CHAPTER
8
CHAPTER
Assessment
8
continued
Assessment
continued
Understanding Concepts
62.
Devise a hybridization scheme for PCl
and pre-
67.
Give the angles between the orbitals of each
3
dict the molecular shape based on this scheme.
hybrid.
3
sp
hybrids
a.
The chlorine and oxygen atoms in thionyl chlo-
63.
2
b.
sp
hybrids
ride (SOCl
) are bonded directly to the sulfur.
2
62. The 3s and three 3p orbitals of
sp hybrids
c.
Write an acceptable electron dot structure for
phosphorus hybridize to form four
thionyl chloride.
What is the geometry around the central atom in
68.
3
sp
atomic orbitals. The resulting
each of these simple molecules?
Explain why each electron dot structure is incor-
64.
shape is pyramidal with a bond
rect. Replace each structure with one that is
a.
b.
more acceptable.
angle of 107° between the sigma
C
D
bonds.
C N
a.
b.
F
P
F
F
63.
Cl
S
Cl
Use VSEPR theory to predict the geometry of
65.
O
each of the following.
64. a. C does not have an octet.
2
SiCl
CO
CCl
SCl
a.
b.
c.
d.
4
3
4
2
C N
The following graph shows how the percent
66.
ionic character of a single bond varies according
b. One F has more than an octet.
to the difference in electronegativity between
c.
d.
P
F
F
the two elements forming the bond. Answer the
F
following questions, using this graph and
65. a. tetrahedral, 109.5°
Table 6.1.
b. trigonal planar, 120°
Single Bond Ionic Character
c. tetrahedral, 109.5°
Which of the following molecules contains a
100
69.
90
central atom that does not obey the octet rule?
d. bent, 105°
80
PBr
a.
66. a. The percent ionic character
5
70
AlI
b.
3
increases as the difference in elec-
60
c.
PF
3
50
tronegativities increases.
d.
SiCl
4
40
b. 1.6
Vinegar contains the compound ethanoic acid,
70.
30
whose molecular formula is CH
COOH.
c. (1) 85% (2) 10% (3) 62% (4) 23%
20
3
Draw the electron dot structure of ethanoic
10
a.
67. a. 109.5°
0
acid.
b. 120°
0
1
2
3
Is the bonding between each of the oxygen
b.
Electronegativity difference
c. 180°
atoms and the carbon the same?
a.
What is the relationship between the percent
68. a. trigonal planar
c.
Is the bonding between the carbon atom and
ionic character of single bonds and the elec-
each oxygen atom a polar or nonpolar bond?
b. pyramidal
tronegativity difference of their elements?
Is ethanoic acid a polar molecule?
d.
c. linear
b.
What electronegativity difference will result in
d. tetrahedral
a bond with a 50% ionic character?
Estimate the percent ionic character of the
c.
69. a. Phosphorus in PBr
has 10
5
bonds formed between (1) lithium and oxy-
valence electrons.
gen, (2) nitrogen and oxygen, (3) magnesium
O
H
and chlorine, and (4) nitrogen and fluorine.
70. a.
H
C C O
H
H
b. No, the molecule contains one
248 Chapter 8
carbon-oxygen double bond and
one carbon-oxygen single bond.
c. polar bond
d. Yes, it has polar oxygen atoms at
one end of the molecule and a
−
nonpolar CH
group at the oppo-
3
site end.
248 Chapter 8
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