Common Polyatomic Ions And Their Corresponding Acids Chart Page 2
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1
2Polyatomic ions readily make acids. An acid is a compound with a hydrogen atom that reacts readily with other
substances. In chemistry, we list the acidic hydrogen first to designate its reactivity.
As before, a naming pattern exists for acids containing an oxygenated polyatomic ion:
Acidic polyatomic ions in the common form have an “ic acid” suffix (i.e. chloric acid, HClO
)
•
3
Acidic polyatomic ions with one more oxygen than the common form get a “per” prefix and an “ic acid”
•
suffix (i.e. perchloric acid, HClO
)
4
Acidic polyatomic ions with one less oxygen than the common form get an “ous acid” ending (i.e.
•
chlorous acid, HClO
)
2
Acidic polyatomic ions with two less oxygen atoms than the common form get a “hypo” prefix and the
•
“ous acid” suffix (i.e. hypochlorous acid, HClO)
Acidic polyatomic ions with no oxygen atoms get a “hydro” prefix and the “ic acid” suffix (i.e.
•
hydrochloric acid, HCl)
The following table shows the acidic form of the polyatomic ions with all of their known variations:
nitrogen
carbon
bromine
iodine
chlorine
sulfur
phosphorus
no oxygen
-
-
hydrobromic
hydroiodic
hydrochloric
hydrosulfuric
-
acid, HBr
acid, HI
acid, HCl
acid, H
S
2
-2 oxygen
-
-
hypobromous
hypoiodous
hypochlorous
-
-
acid, HBrO
acid, HIO
acid, HClO
-1 oxygen
nitrous
-
bromous
iodous
chlorous
sulfurous
phosphorous
acid,
acid, HBrO
acid, HIO
acid, HClO
acid, H
SO
acid, H
PO
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
HNO
2
common
nitric
carbonic
bromic acid,
iodic acid,
chloric acid,
sulfuric acid,
phosphoric
acid,
acid,
HBrO
HIO
HClO
H
SO
acid, H
PO
3
3
3
2
4
3
4
HNO
H
CO
3
2
3
+1 oxygen
-
-
perbromic
periodic
perchloric
-
-
acid, HBrO
acid, HIO
acid, HClO
4
4
4
Finally, please note that this list is not 100% inclusive... but similar patterns can be applied to polyatomic ions not
on this list. For example,
• H
SeO
= selenic acid and H
SeO
= selenous acid
2
4
2
3
-3
-3
• AsO
= arsenate ion and AsO
= arsenite ion
4
3
Page IV-2b-6 / Common Polyatomic Ions and Their Corresponding Acids
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