Consent Form Hiv Test Page 25
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42Management of Occupational Blood Exposures to HBV, HCV, or HIV
Step 1.
Step 3.
Provide immediate care to the exposure site:
Give postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for
Wash Wounds and skin with soap and water
Exposures posing risk of infection transmission:
Flush mucous membranes with water
HBV – see Table
Step 2.
Evaluate the exposure:
•Give PEP as soon as possible, preferably within 24 hours
Determine risk associated with exposure
•PEP can be given to pregnant women
Exposures
Substances
HCV – PEP not recommended
Exposures posing risk
Substances posing risk
HIV – See Table
of infection transmission of infection transmission
•Initiate PEP within hours of exposure
•Percutaneous injury
•Blood
•Offer pregnancy testing to all women of childbearing age not known to be
•Mucous membrane exposure
•Fluids containing visible blood
pregnant.
•Non-intact skin exposure
•Potentially infectious fluids
•Seek expert consultation if viral resistance suspected
•Bites resulting in blood
(semen; vaginal secretions; and
•Administer PEP for 4 weeks if tolerated.
exposure to either person
cerebrospinal, synovial, pleural,
involved.
peritoneal, pericardial and
amnotic fluids) or tissue
•Concentrated virus
Step 4.
Perform follow-up testing and provide counseling:
Status
Susceptibility
HBV – exposures
Determine infectious status
Determine susceptibility
•Test for anti-HBs 1-2 months after last dose of vaccine if only vaccine given
of source (if not already of exposed person.
•Follow-up not indicated if exposed person immune to HBV or received HBIG PEP
known)
•Presence of HBsAg
•Hepatitis B vaccine status
HCV – exposures
•Perform testing for anti-HCV and ALT 4-6 months after exposure
•Presence of HCV antibody
HBV immune status if vaccine
•Perform HCV RNA testing at 4-6 weeks if earlier diagnosis of HCV infection desired.
•Presence of HIV antibody
Response status is unknown
•Confirm repeatedly reactive anti-HCV EIAs with supplemental tests.
for unknown sources, evaluate •Anti-HCV and ALT
the likelihood of exposure to a •HIV antibody.
source of high risk for HBV,
HIV – exposures
•Evaluate exposed persons taking PEP within 72 hours after exposure and monitor
HCV, or HIV infection.
for drug toxicity for at least 2 weeks.
•Do not test discarded needles
•Perform HIV-antibody testing for at least 6 months postexposure (e.g., at baseline,
six weeks, 3 months and 6 months)
•Perform HIV antibody testing for illness compatible with an acute retroviral syndrome
•Advise exposed persons to use precautions to prevent secondary transmission
during follow-up period
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