Apa Style - Handling Quotations Citations And References (Page 2 of 4) in pdf

APA Style: Handling Quotations, Citations, and References

a group, list the one-author entries first. If no author is given for a particular source, alphabetize by the title of the

piece and use a shortened version of the title for parenthetical citations. Use "&" instead of “and” on the reference

page and only within parentheses when citing multiple authors of a single work in your text.

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Examples:

According to Smith “and” Miele…

Both authors found that the “placebo effect disappeared, even when real drugs were administered” (Smith &

Miele).

Basic Forms for Sources in Print

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An article in a periodical (such as a journal, newspaper, or magazine)

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year of Publication, add month and day of publication for daily,

weekly, or monthly publications). Title of article. Title of periodical, Volume Number, pages.

You need list only the volume number if the periodical uses continuous pagination throughout a particular

volume. If each issue begins with page 1, then you should list the issue number as well: Title of Periodical,

Volume (Issue), pages.

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A non periodical (such as a book, report, brochure, or audiovisual media)

Author, A. A. (Year of Publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher.

For "Location," you should always list the city, but you should also include the state if the city is unfamiliar or

if the city could be confused with one in another state.

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Part of a non-periodical (such as a book chapter or an article in a collection)

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of Publication). Title of chapter. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book

(pages of chapter). Location: Publisher.

When you list the pages of the chapter or essay in parentheses after the book title, use "pp." before the numbers:

(pp. 1-21). This abbreviation, however, does not appear before the page numbers in periodical references.

Basic Forms for Electronic Sources

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A web page

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of Publication or Revision). Title of full work [online]. Retrieved month, day,

year, from source Web site: URL.

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An online journal or magazine

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of Publication). Title of article. Title of periodical, xx, xxx-xxx. Retrieved

month, day, year, from URL.

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The novelist has repeated this idea recently (Salman Rushdie, personal communication, May 1, 1995).

Because e-mail is a personal communication, not easily retrieved by the general public, no entry appears in your

reference list. When you cite an email message in the body of your paper, acknowledge it in your parenthetical

citation.

Reference Examples

The Publication Manual of the APA provides examples of the most commonly cited kinds of sources. If your

particular source is not listed below, use the basic forms above to determine the correct format, check the

Publication Manual, or check with your instructor.

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Journal article, one author

Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal of Comparative and

Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896.

Selected by the Writing Center at Armstrong Atlantic State University, the examples in this handout are based on the 5th edition

of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (August 2001).

Apa Style - Handling Quotations Citations And References Page 2

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