Apa Style - Handling Quotations Citations And References (Page 4 of 4) in pdf

APA Style: Handling Quotations, Citations, and References

•

An online journal article

Frederickson, B. L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention &

Treatment, 3 Article 001a. Retrieved November 20, 2000, from

•

A web page

Chou, L., McClintock, R., Moretti, F. & Nix, D. H. (1993.) Technology and education: New wine in new bottles:

Choosing pasts and imagining educational futures. Retrieved August 24, 2000, from Columbia University,

Institute for Learning Technologies Web site:

On Footnotes and Endnotes

Because long explanatory notes can be distracting to readers, most academic style guidelines (including MLA

and APA) recommend limited use of footnotes/endnotes. An exception is Chicago-style documentation, which relies

on notes for all citations as well as explanatory notes. But even in that case, extensive discursive notes are

discouraged. Proper use of notes would include:

•

Evaluative bibliographic comments:

See Blackmur (1995), especially chapters three and four, for an insightful analysis of this trend.

On the problems related to repressed memory recovery, see Wollens (1989) pp. 120- 35; for a contrasting view,

see Pyle (1992).

•

Occasional explanatory notes or other brief additional information that would seem digressive if included in the

main text but might be interesting to readers:

In a recent interview, she reiterated this point even more strongly: "I am an artist, not a politician!" (Weller,

1998, p. 124).

Footnotes in APA format are indicated by consecutive superscript arabic numbers in the text. The notes

themselves are listed by consecutive superscript arabic numbers and appear double-spaced in regular paragraph

format (a new paragraph for each note) on a separate page under the word Footnotes (centered, in plain text without

quotation marks).

General Format

Your essay should be typed, double-spaced on standard-sized paper (8.5 X 11 inches) with margins of 1 inch on

all sides. Your final essay should include as many of the following sections as are applicable--abstract, text,

references, appendices, author identification notes, footnotes, tables, figure captions, figures. Each section should

begin on a separate page.

The title page includes a running head for publication on the first line of the page flush left, a manuscript page

header with page number in the top right corner (a half inch from the top of the page on this and every other page),

the title, author's name, and institutional affiliation, centered. If the essay is for an academic course and is not

intended for publication, you may omit the running head notice. Otherwise, the running head notice on the first line

of the page serves to notify editors of a shortened version of your title to be used at the top of each page in the final

published version of the essay. This shortened title should not exceed 50 characters, including punctuation and

spaces.

The pages of your manuscript should be numbered consecutively, beginning with the title page, as part of the

manuscript header in the upper right corner of each page. Your references should begin on a separate page from the

text of the essay under the label References (with no quotation marks, underlining, etc.), centered at the top of the

page. Appendices and notes should be formatted similarly. Keep in mind that underlining and italics are equivalent

only when there is no italics option on your computer. Italics are now preferred over underlining.

Selected by the Writing Center at Armstrong Atlantic State University, the examples in this handout are based on the 5th edition

of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (August 2001).

Apa Style - Handling Quotations Citations And References Page 4

Related Articles

Related forms

Related Categories