Apa Guidelines Documentation (Page 4 of 13) in pdf

Parenthetical Citations

First and subsequent

A source with 1 or 2

Authors with the

citations

authors

same surname

•Use initials even if the

Use initials even if the

years are different

•Cite name(s) in first and all

•Within a paragraph, omit

subsequent citations

•D. Baldwin (2001) and M.

D. Baldwin (2001) and M.

the year in citations after

L. Baldwin (1999)

the first one if no

•(Adkins & Singh, 2001)

confusion with other

•Adkins and Singh (2001)

studies will result

•Fisher (1999) administered

a questionnaire . . . Fisher's

results indicated . . .

•[new paragraph] The

questionnaire

administered by Fisher

(1999) was used by . . .

When yo

u have . . .

Sources with two or more

A source with three to

A source with six or

six-author groups with

author groups with

five authors

more authors

same first surname

•In all citations after the

•Use the first author's

•If two or more six

If two or more six-author

first, use the first author's

name followed by et al. in

groups shorten to the

name followed by et al.

all citations

same surname, cite the

surnames of as many

•First citation: (Baldwin,

•6 authors: (Utley et al.,

subsequent authors as

Bevan, & Beshalke, 2000)

2001)

needed to distinguish

•Subsequent citation:

•7 authors: (Yawn et al.,

references.

(Baldwin et al., 2000)

2001)

•(Baldwin, Utley et al.,

(Baldwin, Utley et al.,

•[Note: In the reference list,

2001)

use of et al. begins with 7-

•(Baldwin, Bevan et al.,

(Baldwin, Bevan et al.,

author references.]

2000)

Here's wh

at you do:

A source with no author

• Use the first few words of the title

Use the first few words of the title--in quotation marks for article or chapter, in italics

in quotation marks for article or chapter, in italics

for self-contained item

• ("Mad Cow," 2001)

• (Sleep Medicine, 2001)

An editor's work with no author

• Use editor(s) names in the author position

Use editor(s) names in the author position

• See guidelines for citing authored work

See guidelines for citing authored work

Sampl

Apa Guidelines Documentation Page 4

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