Gen Concepts Chemical Bonding Sheet Page 3
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1
2
3Coordinate covalent bond: When a covalent bond is
formed by sharing a pair of electrons BUT the electron pair
belonged to only one of the atoms.
→ NH
Classic Example: NH
+ BF
BF
5 • Chemical Bonding: Gen Concepts
3
3
3
3
The bond between the N and the B is coordinate covalent.
Coordinate Covalent Bonds
(Preview: Lewis Acids)
The lone pair donor is called a Lewis Base.
(9 of 12)
(this atom has a lone pair of electrons)
The lone pair acceptor is called a Lewis Acid.
(this atom has an empty orbital)
“Have Pair Will Share” --Lewis Base
You will be given a chart of electronegativity values.
Memorize the most electronegative element s (F = 4.0)
then oxygen (O = 3.5) and chlorine (Cl = 3.0). The noble
gases have no electronegativity values… no bonds.
Trend is large electronegativity in the upper right of the
5 • Chemical Bonding: Gen Concepts
per. table and small in the lower left portion of the table.
Electronegativity and Polar Bonds
Classify the bond between any two atoms by subtracting
(10 of 12)
their electronegativity values (∆e)
0 < ∆e < 0.5
Non-polar covalent
0.5 ≤ ∆e ≤ 1.7
Polar covalent
∆e > 1.7
Ionic
The more electronegative atom is more negative.
Polar covalent bonds have partial charges δ+ and δ–
The Stock System of naming compounds is used…
• when a positive ion has more than one possible charge
2+
2+
Traditional:
mercurous, Hg
mercuric, Hg
2
Stock:
mercury(I)
mercury(II)
+
2+
5 • Chemical Bonding: Gen Concepts
Traditional:
cuprous, Cu
cupric, Cu
Stock:
copper(I)
copper(II)
Naming Ionic Compounds
Traditional and Stock Names
• for molecular compounds where the elements have many
(11 of 12)
different oxidation states (i.e. N in NO
, NO, N
O, etc.)
2
2
Stock Name:
Traditional Name:
NO
nitrogen(IV) oxide
nitrogen dioxide
2
NO
nitrogen (II) oxide
nitrogen monoxide
N
O
nitrogen(I) oxide
dinitrogen monoxide
2
+
Acids are ionic formulas in which the positive ion is H
.
+
Use as many H
ions as the charge on the negative ion.
Three rules for naming:
if the anion ends with:
the acid is named:
5 • Chemical Bonding: Gen Concepts
–ite
********ous acid
Naming Acids
–ate
********ic acid
(12 of 12)
–ide
hydro********ic acid
• Acids from sulfide, sulfite, and sulfate include a “ur”
H
S is hydrosulfuric acid, not hydrosulfic acid
2
• Acids from phosphate and phosphite include a “or”
H
PO
is phophoric acid, not phosphic acid
3
4
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