Describing Acids And Bases
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Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Period ______
Section 19-2: Describing Acids and Bases
(p611-615)
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cids are compounds that share characteristic properties in the kinds of reactions they undergo. An acid
is a substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, and turns blue litmus red. Acids
react with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas. Acids are described as corrosive, meaning they “eat
away” at other materials. Acids also react with carbonate ions in a characteristic way. When acids react
with compounds made of carbonates, a gas forms. Some examples of commonly used acids are
hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO
), and sulfuric acid (H
SO
). Litmus is an example of an
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indicator, a compound that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base. Sometimes chemists use
other indicators to test for acids and bases, but litmus is the easiest to use. Bases are another group of
compounds that can be identified by their common properties. A base is a substance that tastes bitter,
feels slippery, and turns red litmus blue. Bases are often described as the “opposites” of acids. Unlike
acids, bases don’t react with metals or carbonates. Bases do react with acids. Some examples of commonly
used bases are sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)
),
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ammonia (NH
), and calcium oxide (CaO).
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1. What properties can you use to identify acids?
2. What properties can you use to identify bases?
Understanding Main Ideas:
•
Complete the following table.
Characteristic
Acid
Base
What Does It
3.
4.
Taste Like?
How Does It React With
5.
6.
the Metals Magnesium,
Zinc, and Iron?
How Does It React
7.
8.
with Carbonates?
What Color Does
9.
10.
It Turn Litmus?
Building Vocabulary
•
Answer the following questions in the spaces provided.
11. What does corrosive mean?
12. If a substance reacts with a metal to produce hydrogen gas, what may you infer
about the substance?
13. What is an indicator?
14. Why do you think bases are often described as the “opposites” of acids?
15. Name at least ten acids:
Section 19-3: Acids and Bases in Solution (page 616-621)
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any acids have formulas that begin with hydrogen. The acids you will learn about are made of
hydrogen ions and various kinds of negative ions. A hydrogen ion (H+) is an atom of hydrogen that has
lost its electron. An acid is any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water. These hydrogen ions
cause the properties of acids you can see. Many bases are made of positive ions combined with hydroxide
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