Early Childhood Program Participation, From The National Household Education Surveys Program Of 2012 - U.s. Department Of Education Page 20
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59Table 3.
Mean length of time (in months) that children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten have been in
current primary care arrangements with relative, nonrelative, or center-based provider, by child and family
characteristics: 2012—Continued
Mean number of months spent in different types of primary
Number of
1
nonparental care arrangements
children
2
Primary relative
Primary nonrelative
Primary center
Characteristic
(thousands)
Region
Northeast…………………………………………………
2,321
21
15
14
South…………………………………….………………
4,718
19
15
15
Midwest………….………………………………………
2,971
20
18
14
West………………...……………………………………
3,078
18
16
13
Household income
$20,000 or less……………………………………………
1,897
19
13
13
$20,001–$50,000…………………………………………
3,326
18
16
13
$50,001–$75,000…………………………………………
2,379
20
15
14
$75,001–$100,000………………………………………
1,965
21
18
15
$100,001 or more…………………………………………
3,523
21
17
15
6
Poverty status
At or above poverty threshold……………………………
10,650
20
17
14
Below poverty threshold…………………………………
2,439
18
13
13
!Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is 30 percent or greater.
1
If children were not in a given care arrangement, they were not included in the denominator for mean length of time in that particular care
arrangement (e.g., children not in relative care were not included in the denominator for estimates for relative care).
2
Center-based arrangements include day care centers, Head Start programs, preschools, prekindergartens, and other early childhood
programs.
3
“Other race, non-Hispanic” includes American Indian and Alaska Native children who are not Hispanic and children reported as a
race/ethnicity not listed.
4
Complete descriptions of the categories for English spoken at home by parents/guardians are as follows: (1) Both parents/guardians or the
only parent/guardian learned English first or currently speak(s) English in the home, (2) One of two parents/guardians in a two-
parent/guardian household learned English first or currently speaks English in the home, and (3) No parent/guardian learned English first
and both parents/guardians or the only parent/guardian currently speak(s) a non-English language in the home.
5
Full-time employment is defined as working 35 hours or more per week. Part-time employment is defined as working less than 35 hours
per week.
6
Children are considered poor if living in households with incomes below the poverty threshold, which is a dollar amount determined by
the federal government to meet the household’s needs, given its size and composition. Income is collected in categories in the survey,
rather than as an exact amount, and therefore the poverty measures used in this report are approximations of poverty. Detailed information
on the poverty status calculation used in this report is available in appendix B.
NOTE: Estimates include children from birth through 5 years of age, and not yet in kindergarten with at least one weekly nonparental care
arrangement. Primary care arrangement within a particular type of care is defined as where the child spent the most time as determined by
the parent on the questionnaire.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Program Participation Survey of the
2012 National Household Education Surveys Program (ECPP-NHES:2012).
10
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