Chapter 2 An Introduction To Chemistry - The Structure Of Matter And The Chemical Elements Worksheet Page 23
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2.5 Common Elements
Because hydrogen molecules are composed of two atoms, they are called diatomic.
The elements nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are also
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26
bjeCtive
composed of diatomic molecules, so they are described as N
, O
, F
, Cl
, Br
, and I
.
2
2
2
2
2
2
Like the hydrogen atoms in H
molecules, the two atoms in each of these molecules
2
are held together by a covalent bond that is due to the sharing of two electrons.
Nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and chlorine are gases at room temperature and pressure,
so a depiction of gaseous N
, O
, F
, and Cl
would be very similar to the image of
2
2
2
2
H
in Figure 2.15.
2
Bromine, which is a liquid at room temperature, is pictured like the liquid shown in
Figure 2.2, except that each of the particles is a diatomic molecule (Figure 2.16).
Figure 2.16
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bjeCtive
Liquid Bromine, Br
2
Each particle is a
diatomic molecule.
35
Br
Solid iodine consists of a very ordered arrangement of I
molecules. In order to
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2
give a clearer idea of this arrangement, the first image in Figure 2.17 on the next page
shows each I
molecule as a ball‑and‑stick model. The second image shows the close
2
packing of these molecules in the iodine solid. Remember that the particles of any
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