Polarity And Molecular Shape printable pdf download

Title: Polarity and Molecular Shape

Introduction: The most common type of bond between two atoms is a covalent bond. A

covalent bond is formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons. If both atoms have the

same electronegativity, or tendency to attract electrons, the bond is nonpolar covalent.

When atoms have different electronegativities, the electrons are attracted to the atom with

the higher electronegativity. The bond that forms is polar covalent.

Molecules made up of covalently bonded atoms may themselves be polar or nonpolar.

If the polar bonds are symmetrical around the central atom, the bonds offset each other the

molecule is nonpolar. If the polar bonds are not symmetrical, the electrons will be pulled to

one end of the molecule and molecule will be polar.

Many physical properties of matter are the result of the shape and polarity of molecules.

Water, for example, has unusual properties that can only be explained by the shape of its

molecule and the distribution of charge on the molecule. In this experiment, you will build

models of molecules and predict their polarity based on their shape.

A molecular structure, even though its bonds are polar bonds, will be nonpolar if the

bonds are arranged evenly about the central atom. When the arrangement of the polar

bonds is unsymmetrical, the resultant molecule is polar and is called a dipole.

Purpose: 1. Construct models of molecules.

2. Determine molecular shapes

3. Predict polarity of molecules.

Other Info: To predict bond types you will need to subtract the electronegativities

between the atoms in which the bond has formed. If the difference in electronegativities is

1.7 or more, the bond is generally considered more ionic than covalent. If the

electronegativity difference is between 0.1 and 1.7, the bond is a polar covalent bond that

is more covalent than ionic. If the difference is zero, the bond is considered nonpolar

covalent. You will need to consult the electronegativity chart in your text.

Procedure and Data:

1. Construct a model of hydrogen and chlorine.

a. Draw the structural formula for each based off of your model. Include any unshared

pairs. Note: these are not represented in your model.

b. What is the shape of each molecule?

c. What is the bond type for each(polar or nonpolar)?

d. What is the molecule type for each (polar or nonpolar)?

2. Construct a model of Oxygen.

a. Draw the structural formula based off of your model. Include any unshared

pairs. Note: these are not represented in your model.

b. What is the shape of the molecule?

c. What is the bond type (polar or nonpolar)?

d. What is the molecule type (polar or nonpolar)?

3. Construct a model of Nitrogen.

a. Draw the structural formula based off of your model. Include any unshared

pairs. Note: these are not represented in your model.

b. What is the shape of the molecule?

c. What is the bond type (polar or nonpolar)?

d. What is the molecule type (polar or nonpolar)?

4. Construct a models of hydrogen chloride, bromine monochloride and hydrogen bromide.

a. Draw the structural formula for each based off of your model. Include any unshared

pairs. Note: these are not represented in your model.

b. What is the shape of each molecule?

c. What is the bond type for each(polar or nonpolar)?

d. What is the molecule type for each (polar or nonpolar)?

Polarity And Molecular Shape

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