Protein Synthesis (Page 4 of 4) in pdf

Protein Synthesis Page 4

SICM Tuition

Biology AS

The Human Genome Project

A part of a DNA molecule which codes for a single polypeptide is called a

gene.

In humans, it is estimated that there are about 140 000 genes

The total set of genes is called the genome

The genome represents the genetic code for a particular organism

The human genome project was a project to find out the FULL base

sequence of the human genome

There are about 3 billion bases in the human genome. The aim is to

identify each human gene

This was completed in 2003

Ethical issues

gene testing:

o can improve lives but has problems such as abortion issues

possibility of cloning

SYLLABUS CHECKLIST

Unit 2.1.2 – Nucleic Acids

Candidates should be able to:

(a)

state that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polynucleotide, usually double

stranded, made up of nucleotides containing the bases adenine (A), thymine (T),

cytosine (C) and guanine (G);

(b)

state that ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polynucleotide, usually single stranded,

made up of nucleotides containing the bases adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine

(c)

describe, with the aid of diagrams, how hydrogen bonding between

complementary base pairs (A to T, G to C) on two antiparallel DNA

polynucleotides leads to the formation of a DNA molecule, and how the twisting

of DNA produces its ‘double-helix’ shape (HSW1);

(d)

outline, with the aid of diagrams, how DNA replicates semi-conservatively, with

reference to the role of DNA polymerase;

(e)

state that a gene is a sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for a polypeptide

(HSW3);

(f)

outline the roles of DNA and RNA in living organisms (the concept of protein

synthesis must be considered in outline only).

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Protein Synthesis Page 4