Aqueous Solutions (Page 2 of 4) in pdf

Aqueous Solutions Page 2

NaCl

+ Cl

(s)

(aq)

 Ex. dissolving magnesium fluoride

MgF

+ 2 F

2 (s)

(aq)

NOTE: ions are present in solution  solution will be able to conduct electricity

 Most bases are ionic compounds that contain the OH

ion. When bases dissociate, the OH

ion is responsible for the properties of bases (eg. turning litmus paper blue)

 Ex.

Ba(OH)

+ 2 OH

2 (s)

(aq)

 Most acids are molecular compounds  only neutral molecules are present. However, when

acids dissolve in water, they become electrolytes.

 Acids separate into individual molecules and ionize into positive hydrogen ions and negative

anions.

 Ionization is the reaction of neutral atoms or molecules to form charged ions.

 Ex.

HCl

+ Cl

(g)

(aq)

 Acids can be classified as strong or weak.

 Strong acids will completely ionize in solution. They are very good electrical conductors.

 Strong acids include sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid.

 Weak acids will only partially ionize in solution. They will not conduct electricity as well as

strong acids.

 Common weak acids include:

 Acetic acid -- CH

COOH

 Citric acid -- H

 Benzoic acid -- C

COOH

Aqueous Solutions Page 2