Linguistic Development Research Paper Page 34
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3712 GLOSSARY
34
Phonetic symbols used in this report
p as in pat
l as in l et
t as in ten
j as in yes
k as in k in
i as in bead
b as in bat
i as in bi d
d as in d en
e as in bed
g as in go
a as in bad
t as in chin
as in bar d
as in gin
as in body
f as in f at
as in baw dy
as in thin
u as in book
s as in sin
u as in boot
as in shin
as in bud
h as in hat
as in bir d
v as in v at
as in above
as in that
i.e. as in day
z as in z oo
ou as in boat
as in measure
ai as in buy
m as in mat
au as in cow
n as in no
i as in boy
as in sing
i as in beer
w as in w et
as in bear
r as in r ed
Phonology The component of a grammar that determines the sound pattern of a language, includ-
ing its inventory of phonemes, how they may be combined, how they must be adjusted in the
presence of their neighbors as well as patterns of intonation, timing and stress.
Plosive Any sound articulated with an abruptly released closure, e.g. /p,t, k / in English
preposition one of the major syntactic categories, comprising words that typically refer to a spatial
or temporal relationship: in, on, at, near, by, for, under, before, after
Root the most basic morpheme in a word or family of related words, consisting of an irreducible,
arbitrary sound-meaning pairing: electricity, electrical, electric, electrify, electron
Stem The main portion of a word, the one that prefixes and suffixes are stuck onto: walks,
breakable, enslave
Syntax the component of grammar that arranges words into phrases and sentences.
Universal Grammar The basic design underlying the grammars of all human languages; also
refers to the circuitry of children’s brains that allows them to learn the grammar of their
parent’s language.
Voicing vibrating of the vocal folds in the larynx, simultaneous with the articulation of a consonant;
the different between b,d,g,z,v (voiced) and p,t,k,s,f (unvoiced).
Vowel A phoneme pronounced without any constriction of the airway.
X-bar The smallest kind of phrase, consisting of a head and its non-subject arguments (role-
players): The Roman’s destruction of the city; she went to school on foot; he is
very proud of his son.
X-bar theory The particular kind of phrase structure rules thought to be used in human languages,
according to which all the phrases in all languages conform to a single plan. In that plan, the
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