Apa Paper Format With Instructions Page 7
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literature where questions still exist. Here, you explain how your experiment or experiments
attempted to answer those questions, or at least portions of the questions. It is tempting to write
this section in the future tense, because the experiments are about to be presented, but this
section does need to be written in the past tense – since the experiments have already been
carried out from the reader’s perspective. When you have described the purpose of the current
work, you can briefly describe the method for the experiments. Do not include too much detail,
as you want to save the specifics for the method section. In this paragraph you give the reader a
taste of your methods, and give them enough information so that they understand your
hypotheses. Remember: your hypotheses should be based on the previous literature.
“Method” is a level 2
“Experiment 1” is a level 1 header.
header. Level 2 headers
Experiment 1
Level 1 headers have their own
have their own line, are fully
line, are centered, and typed in
“Participants”
left-aligned, and typed in
bold. Each word starts with a
is a level 3
Method
bold. Each word starts with
capital letter.
header. Level
a capital letter.
3 headers
Participants. In this section, you describe the sample that was used. Make sure to
are typed in
bold,
indented, and
explain who the participants were, how they were recruited, and how they were compensated and
have a period
after them.
for how much of their time. Demographic information, such as the average age of participants,
The text
comes right
after the
the minimum and maximum age of participants in the sample, sex or gender of participants
period.
Words after
(depending on what is most relevant for your experiment), and ethnicity are often reported.
the first word
do not start
with a capital
Follow the norm for your field of research.
letter.
Design. In this section, define the independent variables and dependent variables. For
independent variables, make sure to indicate the conditions within the independent variable, or
Level 3
the range being used if your independent variable (sometimes called a predictor variable) is
header,
because
continuous. Indicate how the independent variables were manipulated, for example using a
Design is
meant to be
at the same
within-subjects design, between-subjects design, mixed design, factorial design, quasi-
level as
Participants
(within the
Method)
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