Year
Word structure
Sentence structure
Text structure
Punctuation
Terminology for pupils
common words
can check what he said.)
4
The grammatical difference
Appropriate choice of
Use of paragraphs to
Use of inverted commas to
pronoun, possessive
between plural and
pronoun or noun within a
organise ideas around a
punctuate direct speech
pronoun, adverbial
possessive -s
sentence to avoid ambiguity
theme
and repetition
Apostrophes to mark
Standard English forms for
Appropriate choice of
singular and plural
verb inflections instead of
Fronted adverbials (e.g.
pronoun or noun across
possession (e.g. the girl’s
local spoken forms (e.g. we
Later that day, I heard the
sentences to aid cohesion
name, the boys’ boots)
were instead of we was, or I
bad news.)
and avoid repetition
did instead of I done)
Use of commas after fronted
adverbials
5
Converting nouns or
Relative clauses beginning
Devices to build cohesion
Brackets, dashes or commas
relative clause, modal verb,
adjectives into verbs using
with who, which, where, why,
within a paragraph (e.g. then,
to indicate parenthesis
relative pronoun,
suffixes (e.g. –ate; –ise; –ify)
whose, that, or an omitted
after that, this, firstly)
parenthesis, bracket, dash,
relative pronoun
Use of commas to clarify
determiner, cohesion,
Verb prefixes (e.g. dis–,
Linking ideas across
meaning or avoid ambiguity
ambiguity
de–, mis–, over– and re–)
paragraphs using adverbials
Indicating degrees of
possibility using modal
of time (e.g. later), place
verbs (e.g. might, should,
(e.g. nearby) and number
will, must) or adverbs (e.g.
(e.g. secondly)
perhaps, surely)
iii