Gcc Chm152ll: Nuclear Chemistry - Radioactivity, Decay, Dating, And Other Hazards Worksheets Page 4
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7f. Step 6: The daughter product in part e decays by beta emission.
g. Step 7: The daughter product in part f decays by alpha and gamma emissions.
h. Step 8: The daughter product in part g decays by beta emission.
The final stable isotope is lead-207.
II. Half-Life and Radioactive Decay Problems
Table 1.Half-lives for Nuclides
in U-238 Decay Series
Radioactive decay is a first-order rate process and all radioactive
substances have a characteristic half-life. From first-order kinetics
the half life, t
, is related to the rate constant, k, by the following
1/2
equation:
. 0
693
t
=
1/2
k
The amount of sample remaining after a given time can be calculated
from the following first-order rate law
A
ln
= - kt
t
A
0
where A
= initial activity or amount of substance; A
= activity or
0
t
amount of substance after a certain time; k = rate constant; and t =
time.
the time required for half the amount of a radioactive
Half-life (t
) is
1/2
sample to decay
, so we can also calculate how much of a radioactive
sample remains after a given amount of time if we know the half-life.
Table 1 (left) indicates the half-lives and decay processes for all the
radioactive isotopes in the decay series for Uranium-238. Use the
information provided in the table and the first-order equations provided
above to answer the following questions:
Exercise 1: a. What is the half-life for Bismuth-210? _______
b. How many half-lives have passed for Bismuth-210 after 20.04 days? _____ half-lives (HL)
GCC CHM152LL: Nuclear Chemistry
p. 4 of 7
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