Chemistry Cheat Sheet Page 2
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1
2Equations to symbolize changes: reactants → products
Physical Properties can be measured from a sample of the
substance alone... (density, MP, BP, color, etc.)
Chemical Properties are measured when a sample is mixed
4 • Matter
with another chemical (reaction with acid, how does it
Physical and Chemical Properties
burn in O
)
2
Physical and Chemical Changes
Physical Changes imply that no new substances are being
(5 of 8)
formed (melting, boiling, dissolving, etc.)
Chemical Changes imply the substance is decomposing
into new substances or mixing with another chemical to
form new substances. This change is accompanied by heat,
light, gas formation, color changes, etc.
Conservation means the quantity does not change during a
reaction. If you carefully measure the reactants before a
reaction and the products after the reaction, no mass is
gained or lost. This is called Conservation of Mass.
4 • Matter
Know your symbols of the elements (make Flash Cards).
Conservation of Mass
Be careful with the spelling of:
Symbols of the Elements
Cl, chlorine F, fluorine Ni, nickel
(6 of 8)
Mn, manganese vs. Mg, magnesium
Recall that many of the symbols come from the Latin name.
Refer to page 80 for a nice listing with the Latin names.
In the atmosphere:
78% nitrogen gas, N
2
21% oxygen gas, O
2
<1% argon gas, Ar
4 • Matter
In the earth’s crust :
Relative Abundance of Elements
Most of the crust is made up of SiO
(quartz, sand, glass)
2
(7 of 8)
46.7% oxygen (mostly combined with silicon)
27.7% silicon (mostly combined with oxygen)
8.1% aluminum (in combined form)
5.0% iron (in combined form)
In the universe:
almost all hydrogen gas, H
... then He (fusion product)
2
Name: Dephlogisticated Air - Oxygen gas, O
2
Recipe: Catalytic Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
(H
O
) by yeast
2
2
Test:
Glowing Splint Test (oxygen supports combustion)
4 • Matter
Name: Inflammable Air - Hydrogen gas, H
2
Natural History of Airs Lab
Recipe: Drano™ (NaOH) + Al° → Na
+
3–
+ AlO
+ H
2
The Chemistry of the Airs, the Recipes, and the
→ H
Test:
Burning Splint Test (H
+ O
O + energy)
2
2
2
Tests for the Three Gases
(8 of 8)
Name: Fixed Air - Carbon Dioxide gas, CO
2
Recipe: chalk (CaCO
) + vinegar (acetic acid) (HC
H
O
)
3
2
3
2
→ H
O + CO
+ Ca(C
H
O
)
2
2
2
3
2
2
→ CaCO
Test:
Limewater (Ca(OH)
+ CO
(s) + H
O
2
2
3
2
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