Summary Of Organic Reactions Page 3
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2
3
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B.
Ethers, R-O-R'
Ether Synthesis:
H +
+
H
O
R
R
O
H
R
O
R
- H 2 O
C.
Aldehydes and Ketones
1. Hydrogenation (reduction) of aldehydes and ketones
O
OH
"H 2 "
R
C
H
R
C
H
∆
H
aldehyde
primary
alcohol
O
OH
"H 2 "
R
C
R'
R
C
R'
∆
H
ketone
secondary
alcohol
2. Oxidation of aldehydes (very easy!)
O
O
[O]
R
C
H
R
C
O H
aldehyde
carboxylic acid
D.
Carboxylic Acids
Acid + Base → Salt of Acids:
1.
O
O
NaOH
O - Na +
CH 3
C
CH 3
C
O H
H 2 O
acetic acid
sodium acetate
e.g. Soap is a salt of long chain carboxylic acid
O
O - Na +
non-polar hydrocarbon "tail"
polar "head"
E.
Esters
1. Formation of Esters (from acid + alcohol)
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