Acids And Bases Worksheet Page 2
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2
317.
I n
n eutralization:
m oles
[ H]
=
m oles
[ OH]
23.
I t
s hould
b e
n oted
t hat
G roup
I
a nd
I I
f orm
s trong
+
-‐
bases
18.
E ndpoint:
I t
i s
t he
p oint
w hen
t he
i ndicator
c hanges
c olor
24.
D ilution
.
T itration
( neutralization).
T able
T .
19
D ilution
i s
t he
p rocess
o f
m aking
a
c oncentrated
Titration
i s
t he
s low
a ddition
o f
o ne
s olution
o f
a
solution
l ess
c
oncentrated.
known
c oncentration
( called
a
t itrant)
t o
a
k nown
volume
o f
a nother
s olution
o f
u nknown
c oncentration
M
V
=
M
V
i
i
f
f
until
t he
r eaction
r eaches
n eutralization,
w hich
i s
o ften
indicated
b y
a
c olor
c hange.
25.
I ndicators:
s ee
t able
M
Is
i t
a n
a cid
o r
a
b ase?
L itmus
p aper
c an
t ell
y ou
i f
K nown:
M
A=
✓
something
i s
a n
a cid
o r
b asic
&
p H
p aper
c an
t ell
y ou
V
A
=
✓
how
s trong
t he
a cid
o r
b ase
i s.
burette
L ook
a t
m ethyl
o range,
r ed
i s
o n
t he
l eft,
3 .2
i s
o n
t he
left.
T o
t he
l eft
( or
b elow)
a
p H
o f
3 .2
t he
c olor
i s
r ed.
Unknown:
M
B=
?
To
t he
r ight
( above)
a
p H
o f
4 .4
t he
c olor
i s
y ellow.
V
B
=
✓
indicator
B etween
t he
2
n umbers
w ill
n ever
b e
a sked
o n
a
t est.
This
i s
w here
t he
i ndicator
c hanges
c olor.
E rlenmeyer
f lask
20.
C oncentration
o f
t he
A cid/bases
a nd
t he
r esulting
concentration
o f
H
o r
O H
+
-‐
Monoprotic
a cids
2.5
M
H
Cl
2.5
M
H
+
Diprotic
a cids
2.5
M
H
SO
5.0M
H
+
2
4
Triprotic
a cid
2.0
M
H
PO
6.0
M
H
+
3
4
Monohydroxy
b ases
3.0
M
N aOH
3.0
M
O H
-‐
Dihydroxy
b ases
0.5
M
B
a(OH)
1.0
M
O H
-‐
2
21.
M olarity:
H
SO
a nd
N aOH
t he
f ormula
i s
c hanged
t o
2
4
2
x
M
V
=
M
V
A
A
B
B
H Cl
a nd
M g(OH)
t he
f ormula
i s
c hanged
t o
26.
O rganic
c ompounds:
2
M
V
=
M
V
x
2
a.
Contains
c arbon.
A
f ew
e xceptions
a re
c arbon
A
A
B
B
monoxide
a nd
c arbon
d
ioxide.
b.
Covalently
b
onded
22.
F inding
p H
o r
a
s alt
s olutions:
E xample:
C
H
O
6
12
6
pH
C H
,
C
H
( hydrocarbon)
4
3
8
a. Strong
b ase
+
s trong
a cid
pH
=
7
C H
COOH
( ethanoic
a cid)
3
C H
OH
( methanol)
3
N aOH
+
H Cl
à
N aCl
+
H
O
C
H
OH
( ethanol)
2
2
5
b. Strong
a cids
+
w eak
b ase
pH
<
7
H Cl
( g)
+
N H
( g)
à
N H
Cl
( s)
3
4
c. Strong
b ase
+
w eak
a cid
pH
>
7
N aOH
+
C H
COOH
3
d. Weak
b ase
+
w eak
a cid
p H
> 7
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