Chemistry Cheat Sheet Page 11
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12155. Titrations are controlled neutralization reactions used to find the concentration of
an acid or base sample. Note the formula for it on Table T.
156. ALL organic compounds contain the element carbon.
157. Carbon ALWAYS makes four bonds in molecules.
158. Saturated hydrocarbons have all single bonds within them (alkanes).
159. Unsaturated hydrocarbons have double or triple bonds in them (alkenes &
alkynes).
160. Hydrocarbons contain ONLY the elements hydrogen and carbon.
161. The homologous series of hydrocarbons’ formulas are on Reference Table Q.
162. The functional groups on organic molecules are listed on Reference Table R.
163. Structural isomers of organic compounds have different structural formulas but
the same molecular formula.
164. Number the parent carbon chain in an organic molecule from the end closest to
the alkyl group(s).
165. Combustion reactions occur when a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to make
CO
and H
O.
2
2
166. Organic substitution reactions occur when an alkane and a halogen (Group 17)
reacts so that one or more hydrogen atoms on the alkane are replaced with
oxygen.
167. Organic addition reactions occur when an alkene or alkyne combine with a
halogen to make one product (halide).
168. Esterification occurs when an organic acid and an alcohol react to make water
and an ester.
169. Saponification occurs when an ester reacts with a base to make alcohol and a
soap.
170. Fermentation reactions occur when yeast catalyze a sugar (C
H
O
) to make
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carbon dioxide and ethanol.
171. Polymers are long chains of repeating units called monomers.
172. Polymers form by polymerization reactions.
173. Addition polymerization occurs when unsaturated monomers join in a long
polymer chain.
(C
nC
H
H
)
2
2
2
2
n
174. Condensation polymerization occurs when monomers join to form a polymer by
removing water. Water is a product!
175. Natural polymers include starch, cellulose, and proteins.
176. Synthetic polymers include plastics such as nylon, rayon, and polyester.
177. Unstable atoms that are radioactive are called radioisotopes. (Table N)
178. Radioisotopes can decay by giving off any of the particles/emanations listed in
Table J.
179. Alpha particles (see Table J) are positively charged (+).
Beta particles (see Table J) are negatively charged (-).
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