Chemistry Cheat Sheet Page 6
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1260. Use this formula to calculate heat absorbed/released by substances.
q = mct
q = heat absorbed or released (Joules)
m = mass of substance in grams
c = specific heat capacity of substance (J/gC) … for water it’s 4.18
t = temperature change in degrees Celsius
61. The heat absorbed or released when 1 gram of a substance changes between the
solid and liquid phases is the substance’s heat of fusion. (334 J/g for water)
62. The heat absorbed or released when 1 gram of a substance changes between the
liquid and gaseous phases is the substance’s heat of vaporization.
(2260 J/g for water)
63. As the pressure on a gas increases, the volume decreases proportionally.
64. As the pressure on a gas increases, temperature increases.
65. As the temperature of a gas increases, volume increases.
66. Always use Kelvins for temperature when using the combined gas law.
P
V
= P
V
1
1
2
2
T
T
1
2
67. Real gas particles have volume and are attracted to one another, and thus do not
always behave like ideal gases.
68. Real gases behave more like ideal gases at low pressures and high
temperatures.
69. Distillation separates mixtures with different boiling points.
70. Filtration separates mixtures of solids and liquids.
71. Chromatography can also be used to separate mixtures of liquids and mixtures of
gases.
72. The Periodic Law states that the properties of elements are periodic functions of
their atomic numbers.
73. Periods are horizontal rows on the Periodic Table.
74. Groups are vertical columns on the Periodic Table.
75. Metals are found left of the “staircase” on the Periodic Table, nonmetals are
above it, and metalloids border it.
76. Memorize this chart.
Metals
Malleable
Ductile
Lustrous
Good
Low
Tend to
conductors
ionization
form + ions
of heat &
energy and
electricity
electroneg.
Nonmetals
Brittle
Mostly
Dull
Good
High
Tend to
when
gases at
insulators
ionization
form - ions
solid
STP
energy and
electroneg.
77. Noble gases (Group 18) are inert and stable due to the fact that their valence level
of electrons is completely filled.
78. Ionization energy increases as you go up and to the right on the Periodic Table.
79. Atomic radii decrease left to right across a period due to increasing nuclear
charge.
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