Common Core Standard For English Language Arts Page 20
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43Common Core State StandardS for engliSh language artS & literaCy in hiStory/SoCial StudieS, SCienCe, and teChniCal SubjeCtS
Phoneme Addition (Spoken Language)
What word would you have if you added /th/ to the beginning of “ink”? (think)
What word would you have if you added /d/ to the end of the word “fine”? (find)
What word would you have if you added /z/ to the end of the word “frog”? (frogs)
Phoneme Substitution (Spoken Language)
Say “rope.” Change /r/ to /m/. What word would you get? (mope)
Say “chum.” Change /u/ to /ar/. What word would you get? (charm)
Say “sing.” Change /ng/ to /t/. What word would you get? (sit)
Phoneme Deletion (Spoken Language)
Say “park.” Now say “park” without /p/. (ark)
Say “four.” Now say “four” without /f/. (or)
orthography
Categories of Phoneme-Grapheme Correspondences
Figure 10: Consonant Graphemes with Definitions and Examples
Grapheme Type
Definition
Examples
Single letters
A single consonant letter can represent a conso-
b, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w, y, z
nant phoneme.
Doublets
A doublet uses two of the same letter to spell
ff, ll, ss, zz
one consonant phoneme.
Digraphs
A digraph is a two- (di-) letter combination that
th, sh, ch, wh
stands for one phoneme; neither letter acts
ph, ng (sing)
alone to represent the sound.
gh (cough)
[ck is a guest in this category]
Trigraphs
A trigraph is a three- (tri-) letter combination
-tch
that stands for one phoneme; none of the letters
-dge
acts alone to represent the sound.
Consonants in blends
A blend contains two or three graphemes be-
s-c-r (scrape)
th-r (thrush)
cause the consonant sounds are separate and
c-l (clean)
f-t (sift)
identifiable. A blend is not “one sound.”
l-k (milk)
s-t (most)
and many more
Silent letter
Silent letter combinations use two letters: one
kn (knock), wr (wrestle), gn (gnarl), ps
combinations
represents the phoneme, and the other is silent.
(psychology), rh (rhythm), -mb (crumb),
Most of these are from Anglo-Saxon or Greek.
-lk (folk), -mn (hymn), -st (listen)
Combination qu
These two letters, always together, usually stand
quickly
for two sounds, /k/ /w/.
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