Common Core Standard For English Language Arts Page 21

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Common Core State StandardS for engliSh language artS & literaCy in hiStory/SoCial StudieS, SCienCe, and teChniCal SubjeCtS
Figure 11: Vowel Graphemes with Definitions and Examples
Grapheme Type
Definition
Examples
Single letters
A single vowel letter stands for a vowel sound.
(short vowels) cap, hit, gem, clod,
muss
(long vowels) me, no, music
Vowel teams
A combination of two, three, or four letters
(short vowels) head, hook
stands for a vowel.
(long vowels) boat, sigh, weigh
(diphthongs) toil, bout
Vowel-r combinations
A vowel, followed by r, works in combination
car, sport, her, burn, first
with /r/ to make a unique vowel sound.
The vowel–consonant–silent e pattern is
Vowel-consonant-e (VCe)
gate, eve, rude, hope, five
common for spelling a long vowel sound.
Figure 12: Six Types of Written Syllable Patterns
Syllable Type
Definition
Examples
Closed
A syllable with a short vowel spelled with a
dap-ple
single vowel letter ending in one or more con-
hos-tel
sonants
bev-erage
Vowel-C-e
A syllable with a long vowel spelled with one
compete
vowel + one consonant + silent e
despite
(“Magic e”)
Open
A syllable that ends with a long vowel sound,
program
spelled with a single vowel letter
table
recent
Vowel Team
Syllables that use two to four letters to spell the
beau-ti-ful
vowel
train-er
con-geal
spoil-age
A syllable with er, ir, or, ar, or ur
Vowel-r
in-jur-ious
(r-controlled)
Vowel pronunciation often changes before /r/.
con-sort
char-ter
Consonant-le
An unaccented final syllable containing a conso-
dribble
nant before /l/ followed by a silent e
beagle
little
Three Useful Principles for Chunking Longer Words into Syllables
1. VC-CV: Two or more consonants between two vowels
When syllables have two or more adjacent consonants between them, we divide between the consonants. The first
syllable will be closed (with a short vowel).
sub-let
nap-kin
pen-ny
emp-ty
2. V-CV and VC-V: One consonant between two vowels
a) First try dividing before the consonant. This makes the first syllable open and the vowel long. This strategy will
work 75 percent of the time with VCV syllable division.
e-ven
ra-bies
de-cent
ri-val

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