Happy Atoms Worksheet Page 2
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33Atomic Structure Lesson Guide
Big Idea
Atoms consist of a nucleus with protons and neutrons and electrons around the nucleus.
The configuration of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom determines chemical
properties of elements.
Learning Objectives
Students will be able to:
1. Understand that orbitals that are not yet stable contain valence electrons by counting
the valence electrons on the physical Happy Atoms elements.
2. Observe that valence electrons determine how many bonds an atom can make by
making molecules using all the atoms in a group.
3. Understand that electron configuration is one way of identifying an element, as well as
showing which elements are “related” to each other (i.e., share similar chemical
properties) by comparing the molecular bonding patterns of atoms across groups and
periods.
Standards Addressed
1. Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on
the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms. (HS-PS1-1)
2. Each atom has a charged substructure consisting of a nucleus, which is made of protons
and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. (HS-PS1-1)
3. A stable molecule has less energy than the same set of atoms separated; one must
provide at least this energy in order to take the molecule apart. (HS-PS1-4)
4. The structure and interactions of matter at the bulk scale are determined by electrical
forces within and between atoms. (HS-PS1-3)
5. Science and Engineering Practice: Developing and Using Models: Use a model to predict
the relationships between systems or between components of a system.
6. Crosscutting Concept: Systems and System Models: Models can be used to predict the
behavior of a system, but these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to
the assumptions and approximations inherent in models
7. Crosscutting Concept: Patterns: Different patterns may be observed at each of the scales
at which a system is studied and can provide evidence for causality in explanations of
phenomena.
Vocabulary, Content and Misconceptions
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Valence electron- magnets
Stability
The physical atoms only show valence electrons, while the Periodic Table within the app
shows all electrons circling the nucleus of each atom. For example, students may wonder
why both the Carbon and Silicon atoms have 6 magnets (representing valence electrons)
when C has 6 electrons total, and Silicon has 14.
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