Happy Atoms Worksheet Page 22
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33Lewis Structures and Molecular Shape
Big Idea
Molecules can be represented using a Lewis Structure drawing. This representation of a
molecule can be used to determine the geometry and shape of a molecule.
Learning Objectives
Students will be able to:
1. Draw a Lewis structure of a molecule based on the number of valence electrons of
each atom.
2. Predict the molecular shape (geometry) in relation to the central atom’s group on
the Period table based on VSEPT theory. Students build molecules where the
central atom has different numbers of valence electrons.
Standards Addressed
1. Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based
on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of
the patterns of chemical properties. (HS-PS1-2.)
2. Science and Engineering Practice: Developing and Using Models: Use a model to predict
the relationships between systems or between components of a system.
3. Crosscutting Concept: Systems and System Models: Models can be used to predict the
behavior of a system, but these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the
assumptions and approximations inherent in models
Vocabulary, Content and Misconceptions
Lone pair (unshared pair) of electrons
Bonding pair of electrons
Ligand
Steric number
Student misconceptions for VSEPR might include:
- That a double bond counts as 2 ligands. (Remember, it really counts as 1 ligand in VSEPR.)
- When drawing Lewis structures, students often get so caught up in drawing the Lewis
dots correctly that they will write the chemical symbol incorrectly (“CL” instead of Cl”, for
example). It is important to check their Lewis symbols frequently.
- Sometimes, students are unclear as to an atom gaining/losing electrons, so be sure to
check for this while circulating. Watch this especially in the metals, as the bonding using
metals is different with the Happy Atoms model set. There is only one “arm” from the metal
connecting to the other atom, and this is not reciprocated.
The models sometimes do not connect all the way for certain molecules (for example, in
SiO
the rubber arms do not reach all the way; however, a bond forms). You can tell the
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students that this might be a limitation of the models, or even ask students to come up with
limitations of the models, but they can see there is a bonding placeholder (magnet) with
which, if the arm could reach, would represent the double bond.
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