Glossary Of The Programmes Of Study For English At Key Stages 1 And 2
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16Glossary for the programmes of study for English at Key Stages 1 and 2
The following glossary includes all the technical grammatical terms used in the programmes of study for English at Key Stages 1 and 2. It is
intended as an aid for teachers, not as the body of knowledge that should be learnt by pupils. Apart from a few which are used only in schools
(e.g. connective, root word), the terms below are used with the meanings defined here in most modern books on English grammar. For further
details, teachers should consult the many books that are available.
Terms in definitions
As in any tightly structured area of knowledge, grammar and spelling involve a network of technical concepts that help to define each other.
Consequently, the definition of one concept builds on other concepts that are equally technical. Concepts that are defined elsewhere in the
glossary appear in blue, and are hyperlinked. For some concepts, the technical definition may be slightly different from the meaning that some
teachers may have learnt at school themselves; in these cases, the more familiar meaning is also discussed.
active voice
A
verb
in the active voice has its usual pattern of
subject
The school arranged a visit.
and
object
(in contrast with the
passive
voice).
Passive voice: A visit was arranged.
adjective
The pupils did some really good work. [adjective used before a noun, to modify it]
The surest way to identify adjectives is by the ways they
can be used:
Their work was good. [adjective used after the verb be, as its complement]
•
before a noun, to make the noun’s meaning more
specific (i.e. to
modify
the noun), or
Not adjectives:
•
after the verb be, as its complement.
The lamp glowed. [verb]
It was such a bright red! [noun]
Adjectives cannot be modified by other adjectives. This
He walked clumsily. [adverb]
distinguishes them from nouns, which can be.
It was a French grammar book. [noun]
Adjectives are sometimes called “describing words”
because they pick out single characteristics such as size
or colour. This is often true, but it doesn’t help to
distinguish adjectives from other word classes, because
verbs,
nouns
and
adverbs
can do the same thing.
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