Glossary Of The Programmes Of Study For English At Key Stages 1 And 2 Page 11
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16relative
A relative
clause
is a special type of
subordinate clause
That’s the
boy who
lives near school. [who refers back to boy]
clause
that makes the meaning of a noun more specific (i.e. it
The
prize that
I won was a book. [that refers back to prize]
modifies
the noun). It does this by using a special
pronoun
to refer back to that noun.
Tom broke the
game,
which
annoyed Ali. [which refers back to the whole clause]
In the examples, the relative clauses are underlined, and
The
prize that
I won was a book. [the pronoun is omitted]
the colour-coding pairs the pronouns with the nouns they
refer back to.
It is sometimes possible for the pronoun to refer back to
the main clause as a whole, rather than referring back to
a noun. It is also possible for the pronoun to be omitted.
root word
played [the root word is play]
A root word is a
word
which is not made up of any smaller
root words, or
prefixes
or suffixes. When looking in a
unfair [the root word is fair]
dictionary, we sometimes have to look for the root word of
the word we are interested in.
schwa
The name of a vowel sound that is found only in
/əlɒŋ/ [along]
unstressed positions in English. It is the most common
/bʌtə/ [butter]
vowel sound in English.
/dɒktə/ [doctor]
It is written as /ə/ in the International Phonetic Alphabet.
In the English writing system, it can be written in many
different ways.
sentence
A sentence is a group of
words
which are grammatically
John went to his friend’s house.
connected, and where nothing is grammatically missing.
In other words, a sentence must be grammatically
Contrast:
John went to.
[The preposition to should be linked to a noun, but the noun is missing. This is not
complete.
grammatically complete, and so it is not a sentence.]
split digraph
See digraph.
Standard
Standard English is the variety of the English language
English
that is generally used for formal purposes in speech and
writing. It is not the English of any particular region and it
can be spoken with any accent.
stressed
A
syllable
is stressed if it is pronounced more forcefully
about
than the syllables next to it. The other syllables are
visit
unstressed.
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