Glossary Of The Programmes Of Study For English At Key Stages 1 And 2 Page 5
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16digraph
A type of
grapheme
where two letters represent one
The digraph ea in each is pronounced /i:/.
phoneme.
The digraph sh in shed is pronounced /ʃ/.
Sometimes, these two letters are not next to one another;
The split digraph i–e in line is pronounced /aɪ/.
this is called a split digraph.
ellipsis
Ellipsis is the omission of a word or phrase which is
Frankie waved to Ivana and she watched her drive away.
expected and predictable.
She did it because she wanted to do it.
etymology
A word’s etymology is its history: its origins in earlier
The word school was borrowed from a Greek word σχολή (skholé) meaning “leisure”.
forms of English or other languages, and how its form and
meaning have changed.
finite verb
Finite verbs can stand on their own as the only verb in a
Lizzie does the dishes every day. [present tense]
sentence. They can be in the present tense, the past
Even Hana did the dishes yesterday. [past tense]
tense, or imperatives.
Do the dishes, Naser! [imperative]
Verbs that are not finite, such as participles or infinitives,
cannot stand on their own: they depend on another verb
Not finite verbs:
in the sentence.
I have done them. [depends on the finite verb have]
I will do them. [depends on the finite verb will]
I want to do them! [depends on the finite verb want]
fronting,
Before we begin, make sure you’ve got a pencil.
A word or phrase that normally comes after the
verb
may
fronted
be moved before the verb: when this happens, we say it
[Without fronting: Make sure you’ve got a pencil before we begin.]
has been “fronted”. For example, a fronted adverbial is an
adverbial
which has been moved before the verb.
The day after tomorrow, I’m visiting my granddad.
When writing fronted phrases, we often follow them with a
comma.
[Without fronting: I’m visiting my granddad the day after tomorrow.]
future
Reference to future time can be marked in a number of
He will leave tomorrow. [present-tense will followed by infinitive leave]
different ways in English. All these ways involve the use
He may leave tomorrow. [present-tense may followed by infinitive leave]
of a present-tense verb.
He leaves tomorrow. [present-tense leaves]
See also tense.
Unlike many other languages (such as French, Spanish
or Italian), English has no distinct “future tense” form of
the verb comparable with its
present
and
past
tenses.
GPC
See
grapheme-phoneme
correspondences.
grapheme
A letter, or combination of letters, that corresponds to a
The grapheme t in the words ten, bet and ate corresponds to the phoneme /t/.
single
phoneme
within a word.
The grapheme ph in the word dolphin corresponds to the phoneme /f/.
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