Glossary Of The Programmes Of Study For English At Key Stages 1 And 2 Page 10
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16preposition
A preposition links a
noun
or
pronoun
to some other word
Tom waved goodbye to Cristy. She’ll be back from Australia in two weeks.
in the sentence. Prepositions often describe locations or
I haven’t seen my dog since this morning.
directions, but can describe other things, such as
relations of time.
Words like before or since act as prepositions when they
Contrast:
I’m going, since no-one wants me here! [conjunction: links two clauses]
link a noun, but
conjunctions
when they link clauses.
present tense
Verbs
in the present tense are commonly used to:
Jamal goes to the pool every day. [names a regular event]
•
talk about the present
He can swim. [names a state that is true now]
The bus arrives at three. [names a future event]
•
talk about the future (see also future).
They may take a suffix –s (depending on the subject).
See also tense.
pronoun
Pronouns are normally used like nouns, except that:
She
waved to him.
Amanda
waved to Michael.
•
they are grammatically more specialised
His
mother is over there.
John’s
mother is over there.
This
will be an overnight visit.
The
visit
will be an overnight visit.
•
it is harder to
modify
them
(i.e. it is harder to make their meaning more specific).
He
is the one
who
broke it.
Simon
is the one:
Simon
broke it.
In the examples, each sentence is written twice: once
with pronouns (underlined), and once with nouns. The
colours show where the same thing is being talked about.
punctuation
Punctuation includes any conventional features of written
“I’m going out, Usha, and I won’t be long,” Mum said.
presentation other than spelling and general layout: the
standard punctuation marks (. , ; : ? ! - – ( ) “” ‘’ ), and also
word-spaces,
capital
letters, apostrophes, paragraph
breaks and bullet points.
One important role of punctuation is to indicate
sentence
boundaries.
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