Glossary Of The Programmes Of Study For English At Key Stages 1 And 2 Page 3
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16cohesion
A text has cohesion if it is clear how the meanings of its
A visit
has been arranged for Year 6, to the
Mountain Peaks Field Study
Centre,
parts fit together.
Cohesive devices
can help to do this.
leaving school at 9.30am.
This
is
an overnight
visit.
The centre
has beautiful
grounds and
a nature
trail. During the afternoon, the children will follow
the
trail.
In the example, there are repeated references to the
same thing (shown by the different colours and
underlines), and the logical relations, such as time and
cause, between different parts are clear.
cohesive
Cohesive devices are words used to show how the
Julia’s dad bought her a football. The football was expensive!
device
different parts of a text fit together. In other words, they
[determiner; refers us back to a particular football]
create cohesion.
We’ll be going shopping before we go to the park.
Some examples of cohesive devices are:
[conjunction; makes a relationship of time clear]
•
determiners
and pronouns, which can refer back to
earlier words
Where are you going? [ ] To school!
[ellipsis of the expected words I’m going; links the answer back to the question]
•
prepositions,
conjunctions
and adverbs, which can
make relations between words clear
•
ellipsis
of expected words.
complement
She is our teacher. [adds more information about the subject, she]
A verb’s complement adds more information about the
verb’s subject (or, in some cases, its object).
Today is Wednesday. [adds more information about the subject, today]
Unlike the verb’s object, its complement may be an
Learning makes me happy. [adds more information about the object, me]
adjective. The verb be normally has a complement.
conjunction
A conjunction links two words or phrases together.
James bought a top and gloves. [links the words top and gloves as an equal pair]
There are two main types of conjunctions:
Ali is strong but he is also very fast. [links two clauses as an equal pair]
•
co-ordinating
conjunctions (e.g. and) link two words
Everyone watches when Kyle does back-flips. [introduces a subordinate clause]
or phrases together as an equal pair
Joe can’t practise kicking because he’s injured. [introduces a subordinate clause]
•
subordinating conjunctions (e.g. when) introduce a
subordinate
clause.
connective
This is an informal name for words that connect the ideas
It rained on sports day, so we had to run without worrying about getting wet, but it
was great fun because we got really muddy.
expressed in different clauses; connectives may be
prepositions,
conjunctions
or adverbs.
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